Pacific Coast Conference

Pacific Coast Conference (PCC)
Established	1915
Dissolved	1959
Association	NCAA
Members	9 (final), 10 (total)
Region	Pacific Coast, Mountain States
Headquarters	,

The Pacific Coast Conference (PCC) was a college athletic conference in the United States which existed from 1915 to 1959. Though the Pacific-12 Conference (Pac-12) claims the PCC's history as part of its own, the older league had a completely different charter and was disbanded in 1959 due to a major crisis and scandal. The name Pacific Coast Conference is now used by a San Diego area community college league established in 1982.

Established on December 2, 1915, its charter members were the University of California, Berkeley, the University of Washington, the University of Oregon, and Oregon Agricultural College (now Oregon State University).

Conference members

• University of California, Berkeley (1915–1959)
• University of Oregon (1915–1959)
• Oregon State College (1915–1959)
• University of Washington (1915–1959)
• Washington State College (1917–1959)
• Stanford University (1918–1959)
• University of Idaho (1922–1959)
• University of Southern California (1922–1959, suspended in 1924)
• University of Montana (1924–1950)
• University of California, Los Angeles (1928–1959)

Before the crisis

Many people think of the Pac-12 today as a collection of six regional rivalries, but this fails to take into account the other campus animosities and state rivalries which defined the Pacific Coast Conference. There were tensions between California and the Northwest schools. Edwin Pauley, a regent of the University of California, disliked the member universities in the Pacific Northwest and advocated that the California institutions leave the Pacific Coast Conference to form a "California Conference." Among other complaints, he disdained the quality of education in the Oregon and Washington schools. Pauley felt that University of California campuses deserved to play against colleges with comparably high academic standards.

The PCC had a history of being very strict with regards to its standards; it suspended the University of Southern California from the conference in 1924, performed a critical self-study in 1932, and a voluminous report was compiled by Edwin Atherton in 1939. The PCC had a paid commissioner, an elaborate constitution, a formal code of conduct, and a system for reporting student-athlete eligibility.

Despite this, the conference was wracked by scandal in 1951. Charges were made and confirmed that University of Oregon football coach Jim Aiken had violated the conference code for financial aid and athletic subsidies. After Aiken was compelled to resign, Oregon urged the PCC to look at similar abuses by UCLA football coach Red Sanders. The conference spent five years attempting to reform itself. In 1956, the scandal became public.

The crisis

The scandal first broke in Washington, when in January 1956, several discontented players staged a mutiny against their coach. After the coach was fired, the PCC followed up on charges of a slush fund. The PCC found evidence of the illegal activities of the Greater Washington Advertising Fund, run by Roscoe C. "Torchy" Torrance, and in May imposed sanctions.

In March, allegations of illegal payments made by two booster clubs associated with UCLA, the Bruin Bench and the Young Men's Club of Westwood, were published in Los Angeles newspapers. UCLA refused for ten weeks to allow PCC officials to proceed in their investigation. Finally, UCLA admitted that, "all members of the football coaching staff had, for several years, known of the unsanctioned payments to student athletes and had cooperated with the booster club members or officers, who actually administered the program by actually referring student athletes to them for such aid." The scandal thickened as a UCLA alumnus and member of the UCLA athletic advisory board blew the whistle on a secret fund for illegal payments to USC players, known as the Southern California Educational Foundation. This same alumnus also blew the whistle on Cal's phony work program for athletes known as the San Francisco Gridiron Club, with an extension in the Los Angeles area known as the South Seas Fund.

Aftershocks and disbandment

The first major reaction came from the University of California system. Robert Sproul, president of the University of California, along with the chancellors of Berkeley and UCLA, drafted a "Five Point Plan", emphasizing academic eligibility standards, setting the two UC campuses apart from the PCC and laying the groundwork for their departure. For Sproul the PCC dispute was not just about athletics; at stake was the ideal of a unified University of California that enjoyed statewide support. This ideal collided with aspirations of UCLA alumni who believed that Sproul's vision would always favor the Berkeley campus at the expense of the younger UCLA campus.

Oregon State College president August Leroy Strand wrote, "The reasons for California and UCLA dropping out are as different as night and day... the significance of the whole affair was the union of Berkeley and UCLA... admissions and scholarship had nothing to do with the withdrawals . . . the marriage of this desire on the part of Berkeley with the known ambitions and necessities of its sister institution has produced a bastard that has the bard of a purebred but the innards and hair of a mongrel."

By 1957 the conference had fallen apart, leading to the decision to dissolve in 1959. Soon after the PCC was dissolved, five of its former members (California, Washington, UCLA, Southern Cal, and Stanford) created the Athletic Association of Western Universities. This new conference negotiated an agreement with the Tournament of Roses to send its champion to the Rose Bowl Game, which was effective with the 1961 Rose Bowl. After initially being blocked from admission, three of the four remaining schools would eventually join (Washington State in 1962, Oregon and Oregon State in 1964), but members were not required to play other members. Tensions were high between UCLA and Stanford, as Stanford had voted for UCLA's expulsion from the PCC.

Idaho, which was not involved in the scandals but had become noncompetitive in the PCC, was also barred from AAWU admittance in 1959. Unlike Washington State, Oregon and Oregon State, Idaho did not pursue AAWU admission, and competed as an independent before becoming a charter member of the Big Sky Conference in 1963. Idaho retains no strong connections to its PCC past, other than a continuing rivalry with neighboring Washington State; the two land grant campuses are just eight miles (13 km) apart on the Palouse.

The AAWU eventually strengthened its bonds and became the Pacific-8 Conference (Pac-8), renaming itself in 1968. By 1971, most Pac-8 schools played round-robin conference football schedules, and the two Oregon schools were again playing USC and UCLA on a regular basis. The conference added WAC powers Arizona and Arizona State in 1978 and became the Pacific-10 Conference (Pac-10). On July 1, 2011, the conference added Colorado from the Big 12 and Utah from the Mountain West (also a former WAC member) and became the Pac-12. The Pac-12 claims the PCC's history as its own, though it operates under a separate charter.

Conference champions

Football

		Conf					Ovrl
Year	Conference Champion (#)	W	L	T	Pts	Opp	W	L	T
1916	*Oregon (1)	2	0	1	33	20	6	0	1
	Washington (1)	3	0	1	62	10	6	0	1
1917	Washington State (1)	3	0	0	46	3	6	0	0
1918	California (1)	2	0	0	72	0	7	2	0
1919	*Oregon (2)	2	1	0	33	20	5	1	3
	Washington (2)	2	1	0	33	31	5	1	0
1920	California (2)	3	0	0	104	7	9	0	0
1921	California (3)	4	0	0	167	10	9	0	1
1922	California (4)	4	0	0	146	7	9	0	0
1923	California (5)	5	0	0	66	7	9	0	1
1924	Stanford (1)	3	0	1	92	36	7	1	1
1925	Washington (3)	5	0	0	88	24	10	1	1
1926	Stanford (2)	4	0	0	112	40	10	0	1
1927	*Stanford (3)	4	0	1	78	32	8	2	1
	USC (1)	4	0	1	99	38	8	1	1
1928	USC (2)	4	0	1	84	20	9	0	1
1929	USC (3)	6	1	0	258	29	10	2	0
1930	Washington State (2)	6	0	0	134	20	9	1	0
1931	USC (4)	7	0	0	259	13	10	1	0
1932	USC (5)	6	0	0	112	13	10	0	0
1933	Oregon (3)	4	1	0	45	29	9	1	0
	*Stanford (4)	4	1	0	56	23	8	2	1
1934	Stanford (5)	5	0	0	93	7	9	1	1
1935	California (6)	4	1	0	55	22	9	1	0
	*Stanford (6)	4	1	0	60	7	8	1	0
	UCLA (1)	4	1	0	75	39	8	2	0
1936	Washington (4)	7	0	1	141	21	7	2	1
1937	California (7)	6	0	1	137	26	10	0	1
1938	California (8)	6	1	0	107	37	10	1	0
	*USC (6)	6	1	0	131	36	9	2	0
1939	USC (7)	5	0	2	121	21	8	0	2
1940	Stanford (7)	7	0	0	141	66	10	0	0
1941	Oregon State (1)	7	2	0	123	33	8	2	0
1942	UCLA (2)	6	1	0	146	58	7	4	0
1943	USC (8)	5	0	0	95	13	8	2	0
1944	USC (9)	3	0	2	129	39	8	0	2
1945	USC (10)	5	1	0	107	43	7	4	0
1946	UCLA (3)	7	0	0	216	45	10	1	0
1947	USC (11)	6	0	0	147	20	7	2	1
1948	*California (9)	6	0	0	155	40	10	1	0
	Oregon (4)	7	0	0	125	48	9	2	0
1949	California (10)	7	0	0	220	80	10	1	0
1950	California (11)	5	0	1	124	28	9	1	1
1951	Stanford (8)	6	1	0	152	101	9	2	0
1952	USC (12)	6	0	0	174	32	10	1	0
1953	UCLA (4)	6	1	0	172	41	8	2	0
1954	UCLA (5)	6	0	0	256	26	9	0	0
1955	UCLA (6)	6	0	0	197	37	9	2	0
1956	Oregon State (2)	6	1	1	152	104	7	3	1
1957	*Oregon (5)	6	2	0	124	81	7	4	0
	Oregon State (3)	6	2	0	147	110	8	2	0
1958	California (12)	6	1	0	127	85	7	4	0

* Denotes PCC representative in Rose Bowl for shared conference championships
Co-champions vs Rose Bowl See page 137 of Pac-10 Handbook for explanation

Bold Denotes National Champion recognition

Commissioners

• Edwin N. Atherton 1940-1944
• Victor O. Schmidt 1944-1959

See also

• List of defunct college football conferences
• California Intercollegiate Baseball Association

References

• Games Colleges Play : Scandal and Reform in Intercollegiate Athletics, The Johns Hopkins University Press 1996, ISBN 0-8018-4716-8