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A silver trophy in the shape of an American football—an elliptical shape with pointed ends—standing on a pedestal of the same metal.

The winning Super Bowl team receives the Vince Lombardi Trophy.

The Super Bowl is the annual American football game that determines the champion of the National Football League (NFL). The game culminates a season that begins in the previous calendar year, and is the conclusion of the NFL playoffs. The contest is held in an American city, chosen three to four years beforehand,[1] usually at warm-weather sites or domed stadiums.[2] Since January 1971, the winner of the American Football Conference (AFC) Championship Game has faced the winner of the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship Game in the culmination of the NFL playoffs.

File:1986 Jeno's Pizza - 15 - Willie Davis.jpg

The Packers defeated the Chiefs in the first AFL–NFL Championship Game (Super Bowl I).

Before the 1970 merger between the American Football League (AFL) and the National Football League (NFL), the two leagues met in four such contests. The first two were marketed as the "AFL–NFL World Championship Game", but were also casually referred to as "the Super Bowl game" during the television broadcast.[3] Super Bowl III in January 1969 was the first such game that carried the "Super Bowl" moniker in official marketing, the names "Super Bowl I" and "Super Bowl II" were retroactively applied to the first two games.[4] The NFC/NFL leads in Super Bowl wins with 29, while the AFC/AFL have won 28. Nineteen different franchises, including teams that relocated to another city, have won the Super Bowl.[5]

The Pittsburgh Steelers (6–2) and the New England Patriots (6–5) have won the most Super Bowls with six championships, while the Dallas Cowboys (5–3) and the San Francisco 49ers (5–2) have five wins. New England has the most Super Bowl appearances with eleven, while the Buffalo Bills (0–4) have the most consecutive appearances with four (all losses) from 1990 to 1993. The Miami Dolphins are the only other team to have at least three consecutive appearances: 1972–1974. The Denver Broncos (3–5) and Patriots have each lost a record five Super Bowls. The Minnesota Vikings (0–4) and the Bills have lost four. The record for consecutive wins is two and is shared by seven franchises: the Green Bay Packers (1966–1967), the Miami Dolphins (1972–1973), the Pittsburgh Steelers (1974–1975 and 1978–1979), the only team to accomplish this feat twice), the San Francisco 49ers (1988–1989), the Dallas Cowboys (1992–1993), the Denver Broncos (1997–1998), and the New England Patriots (2003–2004). Among those, Dallas (1992–1993; 1995) and New England (2001; 2003–2004) are the only teams to win three out of four consecutive Super Bowls. The 1972 Dolphins capped off the only perfect season in NFL history with their victory against Washington in Super Bowl VII. The only team with multiple Super Bowl appearances and no losses is the Baltimore Ravens, who won Super Bowl XLVII defeated and replaced the 49ers in that position. Four current NFL teams have never appeared in a Super Bowl, including franchise relocations and renaming: the Cleveland Browns, Detroit Lions, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Houston Texans, though both the Browns (1964) and Lions (1957) had won NFL championship games prior to the creation of the Super Bowl.

Super Bowl Championship (1966–present)[]

Numbers in parentheses in the table are Super Bowl appearances, as of the date of that Super Bowl and are used as follows:

  • Winning team and Losing team columns indicate the number of times that team has appeared in a Super Bowl.
  • Venue column indicates number of times that stadium has hosted a Super Bowl.
  • City column indicates number of times that that metropolitan area has hosted a Super Bowl.
National Football League (NFL, 1967–1970) American Football League (AFL, 1967–1970)
NFL Champion AFL Champion^
National Football Conference (NFC, 1971–present) American Football Conference (AFC, 1971–present)
NFC Champion* AFC Champion
Game Date Winning team Score Losing team Venue City Att. Ref
I 01967-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 15, 1967 Green Bay Packers 35–10 Kansas City Chiefs^ Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum Los Angeles, CA[note 1] 61,946 [6]
II 01968-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 14, 1968 Green Bay Packers (2) 33–14 Oakland Raiders^ Orange Bowl Miami, FL[note 2] 75,546 [7]
III 01969-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 12, 1969 New York Jets^ 16–7  Baltimore Colts Orange Bowl (2) Miami, FL (2)[note 2] 75,389 [8]
IV 01970-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 11, 1970 Kansas City Chiefs^ (2) 23–7  Minnesota Vikings Tulane Stadium New Orleans, LA 80,562 [9]
V 01971-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 17, 1971 Baltimore Colts (2) 16–13  Dallas Cowboys* Orange Bowl (3) Miami, FL (3)[note 2] 79,204 [10]
VI 01972-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 16, 1972 Dallas Cowboys* (2) 24–3  Miami Dolphins Tulane Stadium (2) New Orleans, LA (2) 81,023 [11]
VII 01973-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 14, 1973 Miami Dolphins (2) 14–7  Washington Redskins* Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum (2) Los Angeles, CA (2)[note 1] 90,182 [12]
VIII 01974-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 13, 1974 Miami Dolphins (3) 24–7  Minnesota Vikings* (2) Rice Stadium Houston, TX 71,882 [13]
IX 01975-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 12, 1975 Pittsburgh Steelers 16–6  Minnesota Vikings* (3) Tulane Stadium (3) New Orleans, LA (3) 80,997 [14]
X 01976-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 18, 1976 Pittsburgh Steelers (2) 21–17 Dallas Cowboys* (3)[note 3] Orange Bowl (4) Miami, FL (4)[note 2] 80,187 [15]
XI 01977-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 9, 1977 Oakland Raiders (2) 32–14 Minnesota Vikings* (4) Rose Bowl Pasadena, CA (3)[note 1] 103,438 [16]
XII 01978-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 15, 1978 Dallas Cowboys* (4) 27–10 Denver Broncos Louisiana Superdome New Orleans, LA (4) 76,400 [17]
XIII 01979-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 21, 1979 Pittsburgh Steelers (3) 35–31 Dallas Cowboys* (5) Orange Bowl (5) Miami, FL (5)[note 2] 79,484 [18]
XIV 01980-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 20, 1980 Pittsburgh Steelers (4) 31–19 Los Angeles Rams* Rose Bowl (2) Pasadena, CA (4)[note 1] 103,985 [19]
XV 01981-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 25, 1981 Oakland Raiders (3)[note 3] 27–10 Philadelphia Eagles* Louisiana Superdome (2) New Orleans, LA (5) 76,135 [20]
XVI 01982-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 24, 1982 San Francisco 49ers* 26–21 Cincinnati Bengals Pontiac Silverdome Pontiac, MI[note 1] 81,270 [21]
XVII 01983-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 30, 1983 Washington Redskins* (2) 27–17 Miami Dolphins (4) Rose Bowl (3) Pasadena, CA (5)[note 1] 103,667 [22]
XVIII 01984-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 22, 1984 Los Angeles Raiders (4) 38–9  Washington Redskins* (3) Tampa Stadium Tampa, FL 72,920 [23]
XIX 01985-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 20, 1985 San Francisco 49ers* (2) 38–16 Miami Dolphins (5) Stanford Stadium Stanford, CA 84,059 [24]
XX 01986-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 26, 1986 Chicago Bears* 46–10 New England Patriots[note 3] Louisiana Superdome (3) New Orleans, LA (6) 73,818 [25]
XXI 01987-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 25, 1987 New York Giants* 39–20 Denver Broncos (2) Rose Bowl (4) Pasadena, CA (6)[note 1] 101,063 [26]
XXII 01988-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 31, 1988 Washington Redskins* (4) 42–10 Denver Broncos (3) Jack Murphy Stadium[note 4] San Diego, CA 73,302 [27]
XXIII 01989-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 22, 1989 San Francisco 49ers* (3) 20–16 Cincinnati Bengals (2) Joe Robbie Stadium[note 4] Miami, FL (6)[note 2] 75,129 [28]
XXIV 01990-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 28, 1990 San Francisco 49ers* (4) 55–10 Denver Broncos (4) Louisiana Superdome (4) New Orleans, LA (7) 72,919 [29]
XXV 01991-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 27, 1991 New York Giants* (2) 20–19 Buffalo Bills Tampa Stadium (2) Tampa, FL (2) 73,813 [30]
XXVI 01992-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 26, 1992 Washington Redskins* (5) 37–24 Buffalo Bills (2) Metrodome Minneapolis, MN 63,130 [31]
XXVII 01993-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 31, 1993 Dallas Cowboys* (6) 52–17 Buffalo Bills (3)[note 3] Rose Bowl (5) Pasadena, CA (7)[note 1] 98,374 [32]
XXVIII 01994-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 30, 1994 Dallas Cowboys* (7) 30–13 Buffalo Bills (4) Georgia Dome Atlanta, GA 72,817 [33]
XXIX 01995-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 29, 1995 San Francisco 49ers* (5) 49–26 San Diego Chargers Joe Robbie Stadium (2)[note 4] Miami, FL (7)[note 2] 74,107 [34]
XXX 01996-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 28, 1996 Dallas Cowboys* (8) 27–17 Pittsburgh Steelers (5) Sun Devil Stadium Tempe, AZ[note 1] 76,347 [35]
XXXI 01997-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 26, 1997 Green Bay Packers* (3) 35–21 New England Patriots (2) Louisiana Superdome (5) New Orleans, LA (8) 72,301 [36]
XXXII 01998-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 25, 1998 Denver Broncos (5)[note 3] 31–24 Green Bay Packers* (4) Qualcomm Stadium (2)[note 4] San Diego, CA (2) 68,912 [37]
XXXIII 01999-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 31, 1999 Denver Broncos (6) 34–19 Atlanta Falcons* Pro Player Stadium (3)[note 4] Miami, FL (8)[note 2] 74,803 [38]
XXXIV 02000-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 30, 2000 St. Louis Rams* (2) 23–16 Tennessee Titans[note 3] Georgia Dome (2) Atlanta, GA (2) 72,625 [39]
XXXV 02001-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 28, 2001 Baltimore Ravens[note 3] 34–7  New York Giants* (3) Raymond James Stadium Tampa, FL (3) 71,921 [40]
XXXVI 02002-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 3, 2002 New England Patriots (3) 20–17 St. Louis Rams* (3) Louisiana Superdome (6) New Orleans, LA (9) 72,922 [41]
XXXVII 02003-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr January 26, 2003 Tampa Bay Buccaneers* 48–21 Oakland Raiders (5) Qualcomm Stadium (3)[note 4] San Diego, CA (3) 67,603 [42]
XXXVIII 02004-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 1, 2004 New England Patriots (4) 32–29 Carolina Panthers* Reliant Stadium Houston, TX (2) 71,525 [43]
XXXIX 02005-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 6, 2005 New England Patriots (5) 24–21 Philadelphia Eagles* (2) ALLTEL Stadium Jacksonville, FL 78,125 [44]
XL 02006-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 5, 2006 Pittsburgh Steelers (5)[note 3] 21–10 Seattle Seahawks* Ford Field Detroit, MI (2)[note 1] 68,206 [45]
XLI 02007-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 4, 2007 Indianapolis Colts (3) 29–17 Chicago Bears* (2) Dolphin Stadium (4)[note 4] Miami Gardens, FL (9)[note 2] 74,512 [46]
XLII 02008-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 3, 2008 New York Giants* (4)[note 3] 17–14 New England Patriots (6) University of Phoenix Stadium Glendale, AZ (2)[note 1] 71,101 [51]
XLIII 02009-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 1, 2009 Pittsburgh Steelers (6) 27–23 Arizona Cardinals* Raymond James Stadium (2) Tampa, FL (4) 70,774 [52]
XLIV 02010-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 7, 2010 New Orleans Saints* 31–17 Indianapolis Colts (4) Sun Life Stadium (5)[note 4] Miami Gardens, FL (10)[note 2] 74,059 [57]
XLV 02011-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 6, 2011 Green Bay Packers* (5)[note 3] 31–25 Pittsburgh Steelers (8) Cowboys Stadium Arlington, TX 103,219 [58]
XLVI 02012-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 5, 2012 New York Giants* (5) 21–17 New England Patriots (7) Lucas Oil Stadium Indianapolis, IN 68,658 [59][60]
XLVII 02013-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 3, 2013 Baltimore Ravens
(2, 2–0)
34–31 San Francisco 49ers*
(6, 5–1)
Mercedes-Benz Superdome (7) New Orleans, LA (10) 71,024 [59][61]
XLVIII 02014-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 2, 2014 Seattle Seahawks*
(2, 1–1)
43–8 Denver Broncos
(7, 2–5)
MetLife Stadium East Rutherford, NJ 82,529 [62]
XLIX 02015-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 1, 2015 New England Patriots
(8, 4–4)
28–24 Seattle Seahawks*
(3, 1–2)
U. of Phoenix Stadium (2) Glendale, AZ (3)[note 1] 70,288 [63][64]
50L 02016-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 7, 2016 Denver Broncos
(8, 3–5)
24–10 Carolina Panthers*
(2, 0–2)
Levi's Stadium Santa Clara, CA (2)[note 1] 71,088 [64][65][66]
LI 02017-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 5, 2017 New England Patriots
(9, 5–4)
34–28 (OT) Atlanta Falcons*
(2, 0–2)
NRG Stadium (2)[note 4] Houston, Texas (3) 70,807 [64][65][66]
LII 02018-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 4, 2018 Philadelphia Eagles*
(3, 1–2)
41–33 New England Patriots
(10, 5–5)
U.S. Bank Stadium Minneapolis, Minnesota (2) 67,612 [67][68]
LIII 02019-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 3, 2019 New England Patriots
(11, 6–5)
13-3 Los Angeles Rams*
(4, 1-3)
Mercedes-Benz Stadium Atlanta, Georgia (3) 70,081 [69][70]
LIV 02020-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 2, 2020 [note 5] Kansas City Chiefs*
(3, 2-1)

31-20 San Francisco 49ers
(7, 5-2)

Hard Rock Stadium (6)[note 4] Miami Gardens, Florida (11)[note 2] 62,417 [69][70]
LV 02021-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 7, 2021 [note 5] Tampa Bay Buccaneers
(2, 2-0)
31-9 Kansas City Chiefs*
(4, 2-2)

Raymond James Stadium (3) Tampa, FL (4) 24,835 [69][70]
LVI 02022-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 13, 2022 Los Angeles Rams (5, 2-3) 23-20 Cincinnati Bengals (3, 0-3) SoFi Stadium Inglewood, California (8)[note 1] 70,048 [69][70]
LVII 02023-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 12, 2023 Kansas City Chiefs (4, 3-1) 38-35 Philadelphia Eagles (4, 1-3) State Farm Stadium (3) Glendale, Arizona (4) 67,827 [69][70]
LVIII 02024-Template:MONTH-Template:0expr February 11, 2024 Kansas City Chiefs (5, 4-1) 25-22 (OT) San Francisco 49ers (8, 5-3) Allegiant Stadium Paradise, Nevada 61,629 [69][70]
Super Bowl (season) Date Venue Champion Score Opponent
LIV (2019) February 2, 2020 Hard Rock Stadium Kansas City Chiefs (AFC) 31 – 20 San Francisco 49ers (NFC)
LV (2020) February 7, 2021 Raymond James Stadium Tampa Bay Buccaneers (NFC) 31 – 9 Kansas City Chiefs (AFC)
LVI (2021) February 13, 2022 SoFi Stadium Los Angeles Rams (NFC) 23 – 20 Cincinnati Bengals (AFC)
LVII (2022) February 12, 2023 State Farm Stadium Kansas City Chiefs (AFC) 38 – 35 Philadelphia Eagles (NFC)
LVIII (2023) February 11, 2023 Allegiant Stadium Kansas City Chiefs (AFC) 25 – 22 (OT) San Francisco 49ers (NFC)

Super Bowl appearances by team[]

NFL/NFC

teams (29 wins)

AFL^/AFC teams (28 wins)
NFL/AFC team[note 6]

In the sortable table below, teams are ordered first by number of appearances, then by number of wins, and finally by year of first appearance. In the "Season(s)" column, bold years indicate winning seasons, and italic years indicate games not yet played.

Appearances Team Wins Losses Winning
percentage
Season(s)
11 Boston/New England Patriots 6 5 .545 1985,[note 3] 1996, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2011, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018
8 Pittsburgh Steelers[note 6] 6 2 .750 1974, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1995, 2005,[note 3] 2008, 2010
8 San Francisco 49ers 5 3 .625 1981,* 1984,* 1988,* 1989,* 1994*, 2012*, 2019, 2023
8 Dallas Cowboys 5 3 .625 1970,* 1971,* 1975,*[note 3] 1977,* 1978,* 1992,* 1993,* 1995*
8 Denver Broncos 3 5 .375 1977, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1997,[note 3] 1998, 2013, 2015
6 Kansas City Chiefs^ 4 2 .667 1966,^ 1969^, 2019, 2020, 2022, 2023
5 Green Bay Packers‡* 4 1 .800 1966, 1967, 1996,* 1997,* 2010*[note 3]
5 New York Giants 4 1 .800 1986,* 1990,* 2000,* 2007,* 2011*
5 Washington Redskins/Football Team/Commanders 3 2 .600 1972,* 1982,* 1983,* 1987,* 1991*
5 Oakland/Los Angeles/Las Vegas Raiders^† 3 2 .600 1967,^ 1976, 1980,[note 3] 1983, 2002
5 Miami Dolphins 2 3 .400 1971, 1972, 1973, 1982, 1984,
5 St. Louis/Los Angeles Rams 2 3 .400 1979,* 1999,* 2001*, 2018, 2021
4 Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts‡†[note 6] 2 2 .500 1968, 1970, 2006, 2009
4 Minnesota Vikings‡* 0 4 .000 1969, 1973,* 1974,* 1976*
4 Buffalo Bills 0 4 .000 1990, 1991, 1992,[note 3] 1993
4 Philadelphia Eagles 1 3 .250 1980,* 2004,* 2017*, 2022
3 Seattle Seahawks 1 2 .333 2005, 2013, 2014
3 Cincinnati Bengals 0 3 .000 1981, 1988, 2021
2 Baltimore Ravens 2 0 1.000 2000,[note 3] 2012
2 Chicago Bears 1 1 .500 1985,* 2006*
2 Tampa Bay Buccaneers 2 0 1.000 2002, 2020
2 Atlanta Falcons 0 2 .000 1998*, 2016
2 Carolina Panthers 0 2 .000 2003*, 2015
1 New York Jets^ 1 0 1.000 1968^
1 New Orleans Saints 1 0 1.000 2009*
1 San Diego Chargers 0 1 .000 1994
1 Tennessee Titans 0 1 .000 1999[note 3]
1 Arizona Cardinals 0 1 .000 2008*
0 Cleveland Browns[note 6] 0 0 N/A
0 Detroit Lions 0 0 N/A
0 Jacksonville Jaguars 0 0 N/A
0 Houston Texans 0 0 N/A

Teams with no Super Bowl appearances[]

Four current teams have never reached the Super Bowl. Two of them held NFL league championships prior to Super Bowl I in the 1966 NFL season:

In addition, Detroit, Houston and Jacksonville have hosted Super Bowls; this means Cleveland is the only current NFL city that has neither hosted, nor had their team play in, a Super Bowl.

Teams with Super Bowl appearances but no victories[]

Ten teams have appeared in the Super Bowl without ever winning. In alphabetical order, they are:

  • Arizona Cardinals, appeared in Super Bowl XLIII. Their last championship was in 1947 when they were the Chicago Cardinals.
  • Atlanta Falcons, appeared in Super Bowl XXXIII and LI. They have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
  • Buffalo Bills, appeared in Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII. Their last AFL championship was in 1965.
  • Carolina Panthers, appeared in and lost both Super Bowl XXXVIII and Super Bowl 50. They did not exist prior to the AFL-NFL merger, so have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
  • Cincinnati Bengals, appeared in Super Bowls XVI, XXIII and LVI. They have no pre-Super Bowl league championships.
  • Minnesota Vikings, appeared in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI. They were NFL champions in 1969, the last year before the AFL-NFL merger.
  • San Diego Chargers, appeared in Super Bowl XXIX. Their last AFL championship was in 1963.
  • Tennessee Titans, appeared in Super Bowl XXXIV. Their last AFL championship was in 1961 when the team was the Houston Oilers.

Teams with long Super Bowl droughts[]

The following seven teams have appeared in the Super Bowl, but not since 1995, meaning their droughts are longer than Jacksonville's and Houston's.

One team, the New York Jets, have not appeared in the Super Bowl since the AFL-NFL merger in 1970:[75]

The most recent Super Bowl appearance for the following teams was after the AFL–NFL merger, but prior to the 1995 regular season:

Super Bowl rematches[]

The following teams have faced each other more than once in the Super Bowl:

See also[]

Notes[]

  1. Forbes, Gordon. "The process of choosing a host city", USA Today, 1990-11-08, p. 4C. 
  2. Super Bowl cities are far and few between. The Florida Times-Union. Retrieved on 2015-02-02.
  3. Top Plays in Super Bowl History "and the old veteran scores the first touchdown of the Super Bowl game" YouTube, NFL Highlights.
  4. Culture in NFL History. Shmoop.com. Retrieved on 2018-01-17.
  5. Super Bowl History. NFL.com. Retrieved on 2008-01-13.
  6. Maule, Tex (1967-01-23). Bread-and-butter Packers Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2009-08-25.
  7. Super Bowl 2: Lombardi's Starr Rises Sporting News (1968-01-14). Retrieved on 2011-12-24.
  8. Super Bowl 3: The Broadway Joe Show Sporting News (1969-01-12). Retrieved on 2009-08-25.
  9. Super Bowl History: Super Bowl IV. CBS News. Retrieved on 2009-08-25.
  10. Super Bowl History: Super Bowl V. CBS News. Retrieved on 2011-01-27.
  11. Maule, Tex (1972-01-24). A Cowboy Stampede Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2009-08-25.
  12. Maule, Tex (1973-01-22). 17–0–0 Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2009-08-25.
  13. Maule, Tex (1974-01-21). It Was The Day Of The Dolphins Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2009-08-25.
  14. Jenkins, Dan (1975-01-20). Pittsburgh Punches It Out Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2009-08-25.
  15. Jenkins, Dan (1976-01-26). Dallas Feels The Steeler Crunch Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  16. Jenkins, Dan (1977-01-17). The Raiders Were All Suped Up Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  17. Super Bowl 12: Orange Crushed Sporting News (1978-01-15). Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  18. Super Bowl 13: Dumb Like a F–O–X Sporting News (1979-01-21). Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  19. Super Bowl XIV: Pittsburgh Steelers 31, Los Angeles Rams 19. Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  20. Super Bowl Summaries: Super Bowl XV. CNN Sports Illustrated. Time Warner. Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  21. Super Bowl 16: 49ers Strike It Rich Sporting News (1982-01-24). Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  22. Zimmerman, Paul (1983-02-07). Hail To The Redskins! Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  23. Zimmerman, Paul (1984-01-30). A Runaway For The Raiders Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  24. Zimmerman, Paul (1985-01-28). The Niners Were Never Finer Sports Illustrated. Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  25. Magee, Jerry. "'85 Bears never lost in shuffle", The San Diego Union-Tribune, 2007-01-28. Retrieved on 2009-08-26. 
  26. Super Bowl XXI: New York Giants 39, Denver Broncos 20. Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  27. Super Bowl Summaries: Super Bowl XXII. CNN Sports Illustrated. Time Warner. Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  28. Almond, Elliott. "49ers Defeat Bengals, 20–16, in Super Bowl", Los Angeles Times, 1989-01-23. Retrieved on 2009-08-26. 
  29. Super Bowl 24: 49ers Pound Outmanned Broncos Sporting News (1990-01-28). Retrieved on 2009-08-26.
  30. Super Bowl XXV. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  31. Super Bowl XXVI. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  32. Super Bowl XXVII. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  33. Super Bowl XXVIII. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  34. Super Bowl XXIX. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  35. Super Bowl XXX. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  36. Super Bowl XXXI. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  37. Super Bowl XXXII. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  38. Super Bowl XXXIII. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  39. Super Bowl XXXIV. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  40. Super Bowl XXXV. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  41. Super Bowl XXXVI. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  42. Super Bowl XXXVII. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  43. Super Bowl XXXVIII. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  44. Super Bowl XXXIX. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  45. Super Bowl XL. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  46. Super Bowl XLI. NFL. Retrieved on 2008-03-27.
  47. Pasadena, California. U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
  48. Pontiac, Michigan. U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
  49. Glendale, Arizona. U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
  50. Tempe, Arizona. U.S. Census. Federal government of the United States. Retrieved on 2008-03-30.
  51. Super Bowl XLII. NFL. Retrieved on 2009-07-28.
  52. Super Bowl XLIII. NFL. Retrieved on 2009-07-28.
  53. Levine, Stuart (2008-12-22). 15 years after the NFL left L.A., SoCal fans bolt to Qualcomm. ESPN. Retrieved on 2009-08-24.
  54. "Ross said the agreement to change the name from Dolphin Stadium is for this season only and expires before the stadium plays host to the Super Bowl in February." "Dolphins' home renamed Land Shark Stadium in deal with singer Buffett", 2009-05-10. Retrieved on 2009-05-11. 
  55. Sun Life Stadium. ESPN. Retrieved on 2009-08-24.
  56. Klitzing, Michael (2006-07-10). Special report: The Stadium Dilemma. North County Times. Retrieved on 2008-03-16.
  57. Super Bowl XLIV post game QT. NFL. Retrieved on 2011-01-27.
  58. Packers down Steelers for fourth Super Bowl title. NFL (February 6, 2011). Retrieved on February 6, 2011.
  59. 59.0 59.1 "Indianapolis ahead of curve in preparations for Super Bowl XLVI in 2012", NFL, 2009-06-09. Retrieved on 2009-07-28. 
  60. Garrison, Jason. Super Bowl 2012: Official Super Bowl Attendance Is 68,658. SBNation Boston. SBNation. Retrieved on 2012-03-07.
  61. Super Bowl will return to New Orleans in 2013. NFL. Retrieved on 2009-05-20.
  62. Owners warm up to New York/New Jersey as Super Bowl XLVIII host. NFL. Retrieved on 2010-05-25.
  63. Owners vote Arizona as Super Bowl host for third time. Associated Press. NFL.com (October 11, 2011). Retrieved on February 27, 2014.
  64. 64.0 64.1 64.2 Klemko, Robert (October 11, 2011). Arizona, not Tampa, will host Super Bowl XLIX in 2015. The Huddle. USA Today. Retrieved on January 5, 2012.
  65. 65.0 65.1 Rosenthal, Gregg (December 23, 2013). San Francisco awarded Super Bowl. NFL.com. Retrieved on December 23, 2013.
  66. 66.0 66.1 Bay Area, Houston get Super Bowls. ESPN.com (May 23, 2013). Retrieved on May 23, 2013.
  67. Patra, Kevin. "Super Bowl LII headed to Minnesota", National Football League, May 20, 2014. Retrieved on May 21, 2014. 
  68. Wells, Mike. "Minneapolis to host 2018 Super Bowl", ESPN, May 21, 2014. Retrieved on May 21, 2014. 
  69. 69.0 69.1 69.2 69.3 69.4 69.5 Rosenthal, Gregg. "Atlanta, South Florida, L.A. chosen to host Super Bowls", National Football League, May 24, 2016. Retrieved on May 24, 2016. 
  70. 70.0 70.1 70.2 70.3 70.4 70.5 McClure, Vaughn. "Owners award 2019 Super Bowl to Atlanta, 2020 to South Florida, 2021 to Los Angeles", ESPN.com, May 24, 2016. Retrieved on May 24, 2016. 
  71. Detroit Lions Franchise Encyclopedia. Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved on 2009-08-27.
  72. Cleveland Browns Franchise Encyclopedia. Pro Football Reference. Sports Reference LLC. Retrieved on 2009-08-27.
  73. Year By Year Season Results. Cleveland Browns. Retrieved on 2012-01-31.
  74. Romano, John. "Rams fear Phillips is a perpetual faux pas Series: NFL", St. Petersburg Times, 1996-08-04, p. 9C. 
  75. Neumann, Thomas (2008-09-17). Page 2's ultimate NFL power rankings, Nos. 21–32. ESPN. Retrieved on 2009-09-07.

References[]

External links[]

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