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| owner = City of Green Bay and Green Bay/Brown County Professional Football Stadium District
 
| owner = City of Green Bay and Green Bay/Brown County Professional Football Stadium District
 
| operator = [[Green Bay Packers]]
 
| operator = [[Green Bay Packers]]
| surface = [[Kentucky bluegrass]] reinforced with [[DD GrassMaster]]
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| surface = Kentucky bluegrass reinforced with DD GrassMaster
| construction_cost = [[United States dollar|$]]960,000<br>(${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|560000|1957}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}})<br><br>$295 million (2003 Renovation)<br>(${{formatprice|{{Inflation|US|295000000|2003}}}} in {{CURRENTYEAR}} dollars{{inflation-fn|US}})
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| construction_cost = $960,000<br>($4.58 million in 2013 dollars)<br><br>$295 million (2003 Renovation)<br>($368 million in 2013 dollars)
 
| total_$_(ORG + REN) = $295,960,000
 
| total_$_(ORG + REN) = $295,960,000
| architect = Somerville Associates<br>[[Ellerbe Becket]] (2003 renovation)
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| architect = Somerville Associates<br>Ellerbe Becket (2003 renovation)
 
| general_contractor = Geo. M. Hougard & Sons<ref>[http://packersnews.greenbaypressgazette.com/article/99999999/PKR04/707120717/Lambeau-Field-timeline Green Bay Packers news | Lambeau Field timeline]</ref>
 
| general_contractor = Geo. M. Hougard & Sons<ref>[http://packersnews.greenbaypressgazette.com/article/99999999/PKR04/707120717/Lambeau-Field-timeline Green Bay Packers news | Lambeau Field timeline]</ref>
 
| former_names = City Stadium (1957–64)
 
| former_names = City Stadium (1957–64)
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|}}
 
|}}
   
'''Lambeau Field''' is the home stadium of the NFL's [[Green Bay Packers]], located in [[Green Bay, Wisconsin]]. The stadium opened in [[1957 NFL season|1957]] as '''City Stadium''', replacing the original [[City Stadium (Green Bay)|City Stadium]] as the Packers' home field. For that reason, it was also informally known as '''New City Stadium''' until [[1965 NFL season|1965]], when it was renamed in memory of Packers founder, player, and long-time head coach, [[Curly Lambeau]], who had died earlier in the year.
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'''Lambeau Field''' is the home stadium of the NFL's [[Green Bay Packers]], located in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The stadium opened in [[1957 NFL season|1957]] as '''City Stadium''', replacing the original [[City Stadium (Green Bay)|City Stadium]] as the Packers' home field. For that reason, it was also informally known as '''New City Stadium''' until [[1965 NFL season|1965]], when it was renamed in memory of Packers founder, player, and long-time head coach, [[Curly Lambeau]], who had died earlier in the year.
   
The stadium's street address has been 1265 Lombardi Avenue since 1968, when Highland Avenue was renamed in honor of [[Vince Lombardi]]. It sits on a block bounded by Lombardi Avenue (north); Oneida Street (east); Stadium Drive and Valley View Road (south); and Ridge Road (west). The playing field at the stadium sits at an elevation of 640 feet (195 m) [[AMSL|above sea level]].<ref>[http://msrmaps.com/image.aspx?T=2&S=11&Z=16&X=1039&Y=12319&W=3&qs=%7cGreen+Bay%7cWI%7c Topographic map] from [[USGS]] via [[Microsoft Research Maps]]</ref>
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The stadium's street address has been 1265 Lombardi Avenue since 1968, when Highland Avenue was renamed in honor of [[Vince Lombardi]]. It sits on a block bounded by Lombardi Avenue (north); Oneida Street (east); Stadium Drive and Valley View Road (south); and Ridge Road (west). The playing field at the stadium sits at an elevation of 640 feet (195 m) above sea level.<ref>[http://msrmaps.com/image.aspx?T=2&S=11&Z=16&X=1039&Y=12319&W=3&qs=%7cGreen+Bay%7cWI%7c Topographic map] from USGS via Microsoft Research Maps</ref>
   
With a capacity of 79,594, Lambeau is the second largest stadium in the state of Wisconsin behind [[Camp Randall Stadium]] on the campus of the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison]] (80,321).
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With a capacity of 79,594, Lambeau is the second largest stadium in the state of Wisconsin behind [[Camp Randall Stadium]] on the campus of the [[Wisconsin Badgers|University of Wisconsin–Madison]] (80,321).
   
 
==History==
 
==History==
 
===Packers seek a modern facility===
 
===Packers seek a modern facility===
Starting in 1925, the Packers played at 25,000 seat [[City Stadium (Green Bay)|City Stadium]], located behind East High School. However, by the 1950s, it was considered inadequate for the times. Officials in [[Milwaukee]], 120 miles to the south, where the Packers had played part of their schedule since 1933, knew that City Stadium was less than ideal as an NFL venue. They built [[Milwaukee County Stadium]] in 1953 in hopes of luring the Packers there full-time. Soon after County Stadium opened, the other NFL owners threatened to force the Packers to move to Milwaukee unless they built a new stadium. In 1956, Green Bay voters responded by approving (70.3%) a bond issue to finance the new stadium. The original cost in 1957 was $960,000 (paid off in 1978) and its [[seating capacity]] was 32,500.
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Starting in 1925, the Packers played at 25,000 seat [[City Stadium (Green Bay)|City Stadium]], located behind East High School. However, by the 1950s, it was considered inadequate for the times. Officials in Milwaukee, 120 miles to the south, where the Packers had played part of their schedule since 1933, knew that City Stadium was less than ideal as an NFL venue. They built [[Milwaukee County Stadium]] in 1953 in hopes of luring the Packers there full-time. Soon after County Stadium opened, the other NFL owners threatened to force the Packers to move to Milwaukee unless they built a new stadium. In 1956, Green Bay voters responded by approving (70.3%) a bond issue to finance the new stadium. The original cost in 1957 was $960,000 (paid off in 1978) and its seating capacity was 32,500.
   
The new stadium would be the first modern stadium built specifically for an NFL franchise. At that time, all the other NFL teams were playing either in facilities shared with [[Major League Baseball]] teams, or in other pre-existing shared facilities.
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The new stadium would be the first modern stadium built specifically for an NFL franchise. At that time, all the other NFL teams were playing either in facilities shared with Major League Baseball teams, or in other pre-existing shared facilities.
   
The site, now bordered on three sides by the village of [[Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin|Ashwaubenon]], was selected because it had a natural slope, ideal for creating the bowl shape. The nearby outdoor practice fields ([[Clarke Hinkle Field]] and [[Ray Nitschke Field]]) and [[Don Hutson Center]] are in Ashwaubenon, as was the [[Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame|Packers Hall of Fame]] until 2003.
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The site, now bordered on three sides by the village of Ashwaubenon, was selected because it had a natural slope, ideal for creating the bowl shape. The nearby outdoor practice fields ([[Clarke Hinkle Field]] and [[Ray Nitschke Field]]) and [[Don Hutson Center]] are in Ashwaubenon, as was the [[Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame|Packers Hall of Fame]] until 2003.
   
The new City Stadium was officially opened on September 29, 1957, as the [[1957 Green Bay Packers season|Packers]] beat the [[1957 Chicago Bears season|Bears]] 21–17. In a ceremony before the game, the stadium was dedicated by [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[Richard Nixon]].
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The new City Stadium was officially opened on September 29, 1957, as the [[1957 Green Bay Packers|Packers]] beat the [[1957 Chicago Bears|Bears]] 21–17. In a ceremony before the game, the stadium was dedicated by Vice President Richard Nixon.
   
Although they now had a modern facility in Green Bay, the Packers continued to play two or three regular-season games in Milwaukee. Starting in [[1995 NFL season|1995]], expansions to Lambeau Field (see below) made it financially realistic for the Packers to play their entire regular season in Green Bay for the first time in over 60 years. Former Milwaukee ticket holders receive tickets to a [[preseason]] game and games 2 and 5 of the regular season home schedule, in what is referred to as the "[[Gold (color)|Gold]] package". Green Bay season ticket holders receive tickets to the remaining home games as part of their "[[Green]] package".
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Although they now had a modern facility in Green Bay, the Packers continued to play two or three regular-season games in Milwaukee. Starting in [[1995 NFL season|1995]], expansions to Lambeau Field (see below) made it financially realistic for the Packers to play their entire regular season in Green Bay for the first time in over 60 years. Former Milwaukee ticket holders receive tickets to a [[preseason]] game and games 2 and 5 of the regular season home schedule, in what is referred to as the "Gold package". Green Bay season ticket holders receive tickets to the remaining home games as part of their "Green package".
   
 
===Expansion, 1961–95===
 
===Expansion, 1961–95===
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===2003 renovation===
 
===2003 renovation===
 
[[Image:Lambeau-field.jpg|thumb|right]]
 
[[Image:Lambeau-field.jpg|thumb|right]]
By the end of the 1990s, the Packers believed that they needed to update the facility to remain financially competitive in the NFL. Rather than build a new stadium, Chairman/CEO [[Bob Harlan]] and President/COO John Jones unveiled a $295 million plan to renovate Lambeau Field in January 2000. It was to be paid for partly by the team via the 1997-98 stock sale, which netted more than $20 million. Most of the proceeds were to be paid through a 0.5% sales tax in [[Brown County, Wisconsin|Brown County]] and [[personal seat license]] fees on [[season ticket]] holders. After their plan won approval by the [[Wisconsin State Legislature]], it was ratified by Brown County voters on September 12, 2000 by a 53%-47% margin. Construction began early in 2001.
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By the end of the 1990s, the Packers believed that they needed to update the facility to remain financially competitive in the NFL. Rather than build a new stadium, Chairman/CEO [[Bob Harlan]] and President/COO John Jones unveiled a $295 million plan to renovate Lambeau Field in January 2000. It was to be paid for partly by the team via the 1997-98 stock sale, which netted more than $20 million. Most of the proceeds were to be paid through a 0.5% sales tax in Brown County and personal seat license fees on season ticket holders. After their plan won approval by the Wisconsin State Legislature, it was ratified by Brown County voters on September 12, 2000 by a 53%-47% margin. Construction began early in 2001.
   
 
[[Image:LambeaufieldGreenbay.jpg|thumb|left|The renovated Lambeau Field on game day.]]
 
[[Image:LambeaufieldGreenbay.jpg|thumb|left|The renovated Lambeau Field on game day.]]
 
[[File:Statues at Lambeau Field.jpg|thumb|left|Statues of Curly Lambeau and Vince Lombardi at Lambeau Field.]]
 
[[File:Statues at Lambeau Field.jpg|thumb|left|Statues of Curly Lambeau and Vince Lombardi at Lambeau Field.]]
 
[[File:View of Lambeau Field.jpg|thumb|left|View of Lambeau Field from the South endzone.]]
 
[[File:View of Lambeau Field.jpg|thumb|left|View of Lambeau Field from the South endzone.]]
The massive redevelopment plan was designed to update the facilities, add more premium and suite seating, yet preserve the seating bowl, keeping the storied natural grass playing field of the "frozen tundra". The project was completed in time for the [[2003 Green Bay Packers season|2003 season]], bringing the capacity to 72,515.<ref>[http://www.lambeaufield.com/stadium_info/history/lambeau_field_expansions/ Expansions] ''Lambeau Field''</ref> Construction management was conducted by [[Turner Construction]] Sports, and proved to be of remarkably little disruption to the [[2001 Green Bay Packers season|2001]] and [[2002 Green Bay Packers season|2002]] seasons.
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The massive redevelopment plan was designed to update the facilities, add more premium and suite seating, yet preserve the seating bowl, keeping the storied natural grass playing field of the "frozen tundra". The project was completed in time for the [[2003 Green Bay Packers season|2003 season]], bringing the capacity to 72,515.<ref>[http://www.lambeaufield.com/stadium_info/history/lambeau_field_expansions/ Expansions] ''Lambeau Field''</ref> Construction management was conducted by Turner Construction Sports, and proved to be of remarkably little disruption to the [[2001 Green Bay Packers|2001]] and [[2002 Green Bay Packers|2002]] seasons.
   
In [[2007 NFL season|2007]], the Packers completed their 51st season at Lambeau, breaking the all-time NFL record set by the [[Chicago Bears]] at [[Wrigley Field]] (1921–70). (While [[Soldier Field]] in [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]] has been the site of a football stadium longer, it was not the home of the Bears until [[1971 NFL season|1971]].) Only the [[Boston Red Sox]] at [[Fenway Park]] and the [[Chicago Cubs]] at Wrigley have longer active home-field tenures in American professional sports.
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In [[2007 NFL season|2007]], the Packers completed their 51st season at Lambeau, breaking the all-time NFL record set by the [[Chicago Bears]] at [[Wrigley Field]] (1921–70). (While [[Soldier Field]] in Chicago has been the site of a football stadium longer, it was not the home of the Bears until [[1971 NFL season|1971]].) Only the [[Boston Red Sox]] at [[Fenway Park]] and the [[Chicago Cubs]] at Wrigley have longer active home-field tenures in American professional sports.
   
 
{{wide image|Lambeau Field panorama.jpg|1500px|Lambeau Field on October 3, 2004}}
 
{{wide image|Lambeau Field panorama.jpg|1500px|Lambeau Field on October 3, 2004}}
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Although the capacity has more than doubled since Lambeau Field was opened, demand for tickets remains high. The Packers have sold out every game since [[1960 NFL season|1960]], and more than 81,000 names remain on the waiting list (with a reported average wait time of 30 years).<ref>[http://www.packers.com/fan-zone/faq.html Packers.com Fan Zone FAQ]</ref> The sell-out streak has had the effect (intended or not) of ensuring that all Packers home games are televised in Green Bay and Milwaukee, a streak that started in 1973 (prior to that time, local telecasts of home games were disallowed regardless of how many tickets were sold).
 
Although the capacity has more than doubled since Lambeau Field was opened, demand for tickets remains high. The Packers have sold out every game since [[1960 NFL season|1960]], and more than 81,000 names remain on the waiting list (with a reported average wait time of 30 years).<ref>[http://www.packers.com/fan-zone/faq.html Packers.com Fan Zone FAQ]</ref> The sell-out streak has had the effect (intended or not) of ensuring that all Packers home games are televised in Green Bay and Milwaukee, a streak that started in 1973 (prior to that time, local telecasts of home games were disallowed regardless of how many tickets were sold).
   
During the [[2007 NFL season|2007 season]], Lambeau Field was voted the number one NFL stadium in game-day atmosphere and fan experience by a [[Sports Illustrated]] online poll.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/football/nfl/11/01/fvi.intro/index.html?bcnn=yes|work=CNN|title=SI.com - NFL Fan Value Experience - Nov 7, 2007|date=November 7, 2007|accessdate=May 7, 2010}}</ref>
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During the [[2007 NFL season|2007 season]], Lambeau Field was voted the number one NFL stadium in game-day atmosphere and fan experience by a Sports Illustrated online poll.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2007/football/nfl/11/01/fvi.intro/index.html?bcnn=yes|work=CNN|title=SI.com - NFL Fan Value Experience - Nov 7, 2007|date=November 7, 2007|accessdate=May 7, 2010}}</ref>
   
 
In 2009, The Sports Turf Managers Association named Lambeau Field the 2009 Field of the Year.<ref>[http://www.packers.com/news/stories/2009/12/02/1/ Lambeau Named 2009 'Field Of The Year'] ''Green Bay Packers''</ref>
 
In 2009, The Sports Turf Managers Association named Lambeau Field the 2009 Field of the Year.<ref>[http://www.packers.com/news/stories/2009/12/02/1/ Lambeau Named 2009 'Field Of The Year'] ''Green Bay Packers''</ref>
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===South endzone expansion===
 
===South endzone expansion===
In 2010, plans were announced by the Green Bay Packers to install new [[High-definition television|high definition]] scoreboards in place of their current scoreboards; plans for a new sound system were announced as well.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/news/2010/12/07/packers-unveil-plans-for-new-scoreboards.html|title=Packers unveil plans for new scoreboards|date=December 7, 2010}}</ref> Later the plans were expanded to include adding as many as 7,500 seats both inside and outside as well as viewing platforms and lounge areas. On May 5, 2011 the Packers sent out an online survey to 30,000 season-ticket holders, club-seat holders and individuals on the season-ticket waiting list to get feedback from the fans on several concepts being considered for the south end-zone development. On August 25, 2011 plans were officially announced to add 6,500 new seats to the south end zone. The seats will be made up of heated bleacher areas that will melt snow as it falls (a concept tested on a small scale during winter 2010). This concept will solve the logistical problem of shoveling snow from an "upper deck" seating area. (Currently, the snow that falls is shoveled by compensated volunteers from the community. The snow is placed on temporary chutes placed in the aisles and runs down the chutes into carts on the field. The carts are then taken out of the stadium.)
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In 2010, plans were announced by the Green Bay Packers to install new high definition scoreboards in place of their current scoreboards; plans for a new sound system were announced as well.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.bizjournals.com/milwaukee/news/2010/12/07/packers-unveil-plans-for-new-scoreboards.html|title=Packers unveil plans for new scoreboards|date=December 7, 2010}}</ref> Later the plans were expanded to include adding as many as 7,500 seats both inside and outside as well as viewing platforms and lounge areas. On May 5, 2011 the Packers sent out an online survey to 30,000 season-ticket holders, club-seat holders and individuals on the season-ticket waiting list to get feedback from the fans on several concepts being considered for the south end-zone development. On August 25, 2011 plans were officially announced to add 6,500 new seats to the south end zone. The seats will be made up of heated bleacher areas that will melt snow as it falls (a concept tested on a small scale during winter 2010). This concept will solve the logistical problem of shoveling snow from an "upper deck" seating area. (Currently, the snow that falls is shoveled by compensated volunteers from the community. The snow is placed on temporary chutes placed in the aisles and runs down the chutes into carts on the field. The carts are then taken out of the stadium.)
   
The new sound system was completed in time for the 2011-2012 NFL season. On August 25, 2011 Packers president Mark Murphy announced that the expansion of Lambeau would not be paid by taxpayers but by the team itself. After construction for the 2013 season, Lambeau will be the 4th largest stadium in the NFL, with 79,594 seats. Additional construction included two new tower gates for the north and south end zone. The new seats will be outdoors with the exception of one indoor row. There will also be a rooftop viewing terrace in the north end zone for club seat holders during day games. Lambeau Field will also be installing [[Mitsubishi]] Diamond Vision Video Boards (also paid for entirely by the Packers). The rooftop viewing terrace and video boards were completed in time for the 2012 season. <ref>[http://www.packers.com/news-and-events/article_spofford/article-1/Survey-seeks-input-on-south-end-zone/30e2147f-73c3-4904-a3ab-1e76c2cd8b1f Survey seeks input on south end zone] ''Green Bay Packers''</ref><ref>[http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d81fb879e/article/packers-look-to-expand-lambeau-want-to-begin-work-in-2012?module=HP_headlines Packers look to expand Lambeau, want to begin work in 2012] ''NFL.com''</ref>
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The new sound system was completed in time for the 2011-2012 NFL season. On August 25, 2011 Packers president Mark Murphy announced that the expansion of Lambeau would not be paid by taxpayers but by the team itself. After construction for the 2013 season, Lambeau will be the 4th largest stadium in the NFL, with 79,594 seats. Additional construction included two new tower gates for the north and south end zone. The new seats will be outdoors with the exception of one indoor row. There will also be a rooftop viewing terrace in the north end zone for club seat holders during day games. Lambeau Field will also be installing Mitsubishi Diamond Vision Video Boards (also paid for entirely by the Packers). The rooftop viewing terrace and video boards were completed in time for the 2012 season. <ref>[http://www.packers.com/news-and-events/article_spofford/article-1/Survey-seeks-input-on-south-end-zone/30e2147f-73c3-4904-a3ab-1e76c2cd8b1f Survey seeks input on south end zone] ''Green Bay Packers''</ref><ref>[http://www.nfl.com/news/story/09000d5d81fb879e/article/packers-look-to-expand-lambeau-want-to-begin-work-in-2012?module=HP_headlines Packers look to expand Lambeau, want to begin work in 2012] ''NFL.com''</ref>
   
On December 13, 2012, Lambeau Field was damaged by a fire when construction workers were cutting a metal beam, and the sparks from the cutting ignited. The damage cost $5,000 in repairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/12/13/lambeau-field-fire-cause-5000-in-damage/|title=Lambeau Field fire causes $5,000 in damage|publisher=[[Profootballtalk.com]]|date=2012-12-13|accessdate=2012-12-16}}</ref>
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On December 13, 2012, Lambeau Field was damaged by a fire when construction workers were cutting a metal beam, and the sparks from the cutting ignited. The damage cost $5,000 in repairs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/12/13/lambeau-field-fire-cause-5000-in-damage/|title=Lambeau Field fire causes $5,000 in damage|publisher=Profootballtalk.com|date=2012-12-13|accessdate=2012-12-16}}</ref>
   
 
===Atrium renovation===
 
===Atrium renovation===
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===Corporate naming rights===
 
===Corporate naming rights===
On November 7, 2000, two months after Brown County voters approved a sales tax to fund Lambeau Field's renovation, a second referendum was presented to the same Brown County voters. This referendum asked whether naming rights to the renovated stadium should be sold in order to retire earlier the 0.5% sales tax created to cover construction costs. The referendum passed 53% to 47%, the exact percentage by which voters approved the sales tax.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=149148 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: "Packers, Green Bay to discuss Lambeau naming rights" June 19, 2003.]</ref><ref name="namingrightsvote">{{cite news |title=Packers to start shopping Lambeau name around|newspaper=[[The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]|date=November 8, 2000|url=http://www2.jsonline.com/packer/news/nov00/lambeau09110800.asp|postscript= <!--None-->}}</ref>
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On November 7, 2000, two months after Brown County voters approved a sales tax to fund Lambeau Field's renovation, a second referendum was presented to the same Brown County voters. This referendum asked whether naming rights to the renovated stadium should be sold in order to retire earlier the 0.5% sales tax created to cover construction costs. The referendum passed 53% to 47%, the exact percentage by which voters approved the sales tax.<ref>[http://www.jsonline.com/story/index.aspx?id=149148 Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: "Packers, Green Bay to discuss Lambeau naming rights" June 19, 2003.]</ref><ref name="namingrightsvote">{{cite news |title=Packers to start shopping Lambeau name around|newspaper=The Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|date=November 8, 2000|url=http://www2.jsonline.com/packer/news/nov00/lambeau09110800.asp|postscript= <!--None-->}}</ref>
   
 
After the vote passed, the Packers entered talks with the City of Green Bay, which owns the stadium, to further explore the options. The City and team agreed to sell the rights if a price of $100 million could be realized, although no buyer has been found.
 
After the vote passed, the Packers entered talks with the City of Green Bay, which owns the stadium, to further explore the options. The City and team agreed to sell the rights if a price of $100 million could be realized, although no buyer has been found.
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The Packers, although agreeing to be bound by the will of the voters, have consistently stressed that they would prefer Lambeau Field keep its traditional name, honoring the club's founder.<ref name="namingrightsvote"/>
 
The Packers, although agreeing to be bound by the will of the voters, have consistently stressed that they would prefer Lambeau Field keep its traditional name, honoring the club's founder.<ref name="namingrightsvote"/>
   
The Packers have sold naming rights to the five entrance gates. From the north going clockwise, they are: [[Miller Brewing]] (atrium gate), the [[Oneida Tribe|Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin]] (east gate facing Oneida Street), [[Mills Fleet Farm]] stores (southwest gate), [[Associated Bank]] (west gate and private box entrance), and [[Verizon Communications Inc.|Verizon]] (northwest gate). The new north tower gate is sponsored by [[Bellin Health]] and the new south tower gate is sponsored by [[Shopko]]. Miller Brewing is also a sponsor of the atrium, and has a section in one end zone called the "Miller Lite End Zone", giving away tickets in that area with various beer promotions.
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The Packers have sold naming rights to the five entrance gates. From the north going clockwise, they are: Miller Brewing (atrium gate), the Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin (east gate facing Oneida Street), Mills Fleet Farm stores (southwest gate), Associated Bank (west gate and private box entrance), and Verizon (northwest gate). The new north tower gate is sponsored by Bellin Health and the new south tower gate is sponsored by Shopko. Miller Brewing is also a sponsor of the atrium, and has a section in one end zone called the "Miller Lite End Zone", giving away tickets in that area with various beer promotions.
   
 
==="The Frozen Tundra"===
 
==="The Frozen Tundra"===
 
[[Image:Lambeau Field bowl.jpg|thumb|right|An empty Lambeau Field.]]
 
[[Image:Lambeau Field bowl.jpg|thumb|right|An empty Lambeau Field.]]
The stadium's [[nickname]] was spawned by the [[1967 NFL Championship Game|Ice Bowl]] between the Packers and the [[1967 Dallas Cowboys season|Dallas Cowboys]], played on December 31, 1967. The game was played in temperatures of –15°F (–26°C) with sharp winds. Journalist [[Tex Maule]], associated Lambeau Field with the term ''tundra'' in his article summarizing the game in [[Sports Illustrated]].<ref name="The Old Pro">{{cite news |title=The Old Pro|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/edb/reader.html?magID=SI&issueDate=19680108&mode=reader_vault|accessdate=April 4, 2011|work=CNN}}</ref>
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The stadium's nickname was spawned by the [[1967 NFL Championship Game|Ice Bowl]] between the Packers and the [[1967 Dallas Cowboys|Dallas Cowboys]], played on December 31, 1967. The game was played in temperatures of –15°F (–26°C) with sharp winds. Journalist Tex Maule, associated Lambeau Field with the term ''tundra'' in his article summarizing the game in Sports Illustrated.<ref name="The Old Pro">{{cite news |title=The Old Pro|url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/edb/reader.html?magID=SI&issueDate=19680108&mode=reader_vault|accessdate=April 4, 2011|work=CNN}}</ref>
   
Lambeau Field is alleged to have gotten its nickname, ''The Frozen Tundra'', from ''The Greatest Challenge'', the Packers' authorized version of the highlight film written by Steve Sabol.<ref name="Davis, 2008, p. 159.">Davis, 2008, p. 159.</ref> In the Cowboys' authorized version of the highlight film, ''A Chilling Championship'', also written by Sabol, [[Bill Woodson]] used the term the ''Frozen Tundra'', when narrating the film to describe Lambeau Field.<ref name="Davis, 2008, p. 159.">Davis, 2008, p. 159.</ref><ref name="Woodson Was First With 'Frozen Tundra'">{{cite web|title=Woodson Was First With 'Frozen Tundra'|url=http://www.pressboxonline.com/story.cfm?id=6428|accessdate=April 4, 2011}}</ref><ref name="The Battle for Wisconsin">{{cite web|title=The Battle for Wisconsin|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/520jtabm.asp|accessdate=April 4, 2011}}</ref> Prior to the 1967 season, an [[under-soil heating|underground electric heating]] system had been installed but it was not able to counter the effects of the cold front that hit Green Bay at the onset of the ''Ice Bowl''. The field had been covered overnight with the heater on but when the cover was removed in the sub-zero cold the moisture atop the grass flash-froze.<ref name="Branch, John">{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/14/sports/football/tenderizing-the-packers-tundra-with-light-and-heat.html|title=Tenderizing the Tundra With Some Light and Heat|date=January 13, 2012|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|author=Branch, John}}</ref>
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Lambeau Field is alleged to have gotten its nickname, ''The Frozen Tundra'', from ''The Greatest Challenge'', the Packers' authorized version of the highlight film written by Steve Sabol.<ref name="Davis, 2008, p. 159.">Davis, 2008, p. 159.</ref> In the Cowboys' authorized version of the highlight film, ''A Chilling Championship'', also written by Sabol, Bill Woodson used the term the ''Frozen Tundra'', when narrating the film to describe Lambeau Field.<ref name="Davis, 2008, p. 159.">Davis, 2008, p. 159.</ref><ref name="Woodson Was First With 'Frozen Tundra'">{{cite web|title=Woodson Was First With 'Frozen Tundra'|url=http://www.pressboxonline.com/story.cfm?id=6428|accessdate=April 4, 2011}}</ref><ref name="The Battle for Wisconsin">{{cite web|title=The Battle for Wisconsin|url=http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/004/520jtabm.asp|accessdate=April 4, 2011}}</ref> Prior to the 1967 season, an underground electric heating system had been installed but it was not able to counter the effects of the cold front that hit Green Bay at the onset of the ''Ice Bowl''. The field had been covered overnight with the heater on but when the cover was removed in the sub-zero cold the moisture atop the grass flash-froze.<ref name="Branch, John">{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/14/sports/football/tenderizing-the-packers-tundra-with-light-and-heat.html|title=Tenderizing the Tundra With Some Light and Heat|date=January 13, 2012|newspaper=The New York Times|author=Branch, John}}</ref>
   
The underground heating and drainage system was redone in [[1997 NFL season|1997]], with a system of pipes filled with a solution including antifreeze replacing the electric coils. After the [[2006 NFL season|2006 season]], the surface, heating, and drainage system was replaced. The new grass surface has synthetic fibers woven into the sod.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2690426|title=Lambeau Field updates include a new surface|publisher[[Associated Press]] (via [[ESPN]])|date=December 7, 2006}}</ref> Even the new video boards, installed in [[2004 NFL season|2004]], have been influenced by the field's nickname, being called "Tundra Vision". These video displays, installed by [[Daktronics]] out of [[Brookings, South Dakota]], measure more than {{convert|25|ft|m}} high by {{convert|46|ft|m}} wide.<ref name=displays>{{cite web |url=http://www.lambeaufield.com/stadium_info/history/|title=Lambeau Field, Stadium Facts}}</ref>
+
The underground heating and drainage system was redone in [[1997 NFL season|1997]], with a system of pipes filled with a solution including antifreeze replacing the electric coils. After the [[2006 NFL season|2006 season]], the surface, heating, and drainage system was replaced. The new grass surface has synthetic fibers woven into the sod.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sports.espn.go.com/nfl/news/story?id=2690426|title=Lambeau Field updates include a new surface|publisherAssociated Press (via ESPN)|date=December 7, 2006}}</ref> Even the new video boards, installed in [[2004 NFL season|2004]], have been influenced by the field's nickname, being called "Tundra Vision". These video displays, installed by Daktronics out of Brookings, South Dakota, measure more than {{convert|25|ft|m}} high by {{convert|46|ft|m}} wide.<ref name=displays>{{cite web |url=http://www.lambeaufield.com/stadium_info/history/|title=Lambeau Field, Stadium Facts}}</ref>
 
An artificial lighting system, based on technology used in Dutch rose-growing greenhouses, was tested in [[2010 NFL season|2010]] and purchased for use in the [[2011 NFL season|2011 season]]. It operates 24 hours a day from October to early December to extend the growing season for the field's grass. The system is also used in some soccer stadiums where shade from stands and partial roofs are a problem for the turf, not the cold and short growing season found in Green Bay.<ref name="Branch, John"/>
 
An artificial lighting system, based on technology used in Dutch rose-growing greenhouses, was tested in [[2010 NFL season|2010]] and purchased for use in the [[2011 NFL season|2011 season]]. It operates 24 hours a day from October to early December to extend the growing season for the field's grass. The system is also used in some soccer stadiums where shade from stands and partial roofs are a problem for the turf, not the cold and short growing season found in Green Bay.<ref name="Branch, John"/>
   
 
===Titletown, USA===
 
===Titletown, USA===
More famously a nickname for the city than its football field, "Titletown, USA" became popularized in 1961, even before [[Vince Lombardi]] would see his team win any of his championships. At the [[1961 NFL Championship Game]] against the [[New York Giants]], which the Packers won 37-0, fans hung up signs around the stadium that read ''Welcome to Titletown, USA''. Then-Giants quarterback [[Y.A. Tittle]] believed that the honor was for him, just that his name was misspelled. By the mid-60s, Titletown, USA was registered as a trademark of the Green Bay Packers, Inc. Lambeau Field has been home to seven NFL world championship seasons, five under Lombardi, one under [[Mike Holmgren]] and one under [[Mike McCarthy (American football)|Mike McCarthy]], surpassing the six world championship seasons witnessed by its predecessor, [[City Stadium (Green Bay)|City Stadium]], under Curly Lambeau.
+
More famously a nickname for the city than its football field, "Titletown, USA" became popularized in 1961, even before [[Vince Lombardi]] would see his team win any of his championships. At the [[1961 NFL Championship Game]] against the [[New York Giants]], which the Packers won 37-0, fans hung up signs around the stadium that read ''Welcome to Titletown, USA''. Then-Giants quarterback [[Y.A. Tittle]] believed that the honor was for him, just that his name was misspelled. By the mid-60s, Titletown, USA was registered as a trademark of the Green Bay Packers, Inc. Lambeau Field has been home to seven NFL world championship seasons, five under Lombardi, one under [[Mike Holmgren]] and one under [[Mike McCarthy]], surpassing the six world championship seasons witnessed by its predecessor, [[City Stadium (Green Bay)|City Stadium]], under Curly Lambeau.
   
 
==Postseason==
 
==Postseason==
 
[[Image:LambeauFieldAtriumInside.jpg|thumb|right|The Atrium inside Lambeau Field]]
 
[[Image:LambeauFieldAtriumInside.jpg|thumb|right|The Atrium inside Lambeau Field]]
Lambeau Field has frequently given a significant postseason [[home-field advantage]] for the Packers. Playoff games at Lambeau Field typically feature cold Wisconsin winters. The most famous example is the aforementioned [[NFL Championship Game, 1967|Ice Bowl]]. More recently, in the [[NFL playoffs, 1997|1997 NFL playoffs]] both the [[1996 San Francisco 49ers season|San Francisco 49ers]] in the divisional playoffs and the [[1996 Carolina Panthers season|Carolina Panthers]] in the [[NFL playoffs, 1996-97#Conference championships|NFC Championship Game]] struggled to adapt to the muddy and the cold conditions respectively. The temperatures during the [[National Football League playoffs, 2007-08#NFC: New York Giants 23, Green Bay Packers 20 (OT)|2007]] [[NFC Championship Game]] (in which the Packers lost in OT, 23-20, to the [[New York Giants]]) reached as low as {{convert|-4|°F|°C}}, with a wind chill of {{convert|-24|°F|°C}}. From its opening in [[1957 NFL season|1957]] until January 2003, when they fell 27–7 to the [[2002 Atlanta Falcons season|Atlanta Falcons]], the Packers had never lost a postseason game at Lambeau Field. However, the Packers hosted just one postseason game (in the ad-hoc round-of-16 in the strike-shortened [[1982 NFL season|1982 season]]) during a lean stretch of 27 years between the [[NFL Championship Game, 1967|Ice Bowl]] of [[1967 NFL season|1967]] and a wild-card game in December [[1994 NFL season|1994]]. Although the Packers have won only three of their last seven playoff games at Lambeau Field, their overall home post-season record is an impressive 14–4. The stadium has hosted five championship contests: three NFL title games in [[NFL Championship Game, 1961|1961]], [[NFL Championship Game, 1965|1965]] and 1967 (the "Ice Bowl"); two NFC championships after the 1996 and 2007 seasons.
+
Lambeau Field has frequently given a significant postseason [[home-field advantage]] for the Packers. Playoff games at Lambeau Field typically feature cold Wisconsin winters. The most famous example is the aforementioned [[NFL Championship Game, 1967|Ice Bowl]]. More recently, in the [[1997-98 NFL playoffs|1997 NFL playoffs]] both the [[1996 San Francisco 49ers|San Francisco 49ers]] in the divisional playoffs and the [[1996 Carolina Panthers|Carolina Panthers]] in the [[1996-97 NFL playoffs#Conference championships|NFC Championship Game]] struggled to adapt to the muddy and the cold conditions respectively. The temperatures during the [[National Football League playoffs, 2007-08#NFC: New York Giants 23, Green Bay Packers 20 (OT)|2007]] [[NFC Championship Game]] (in which the Packers lost in OT, 23-20, to the [[New York Giants]]) reached as low as -4°F (-20°C), with a wind chill of -24°F (-31°C). From its opening in [[1957 NFL season|1957]] until January 2003, when they fell 27–7 to the [[2002 Atlanta Falcons|Atlanta Falcons]], the Packers had never lost a postseason game at Lambeau Field. However, the Packers hosted just one postseason game (in the ad-hoc round-of-16 in the strike-shortened [[1982 NFL season|1982 season]]) during a lean stretch of 27 years between the [[NFL Championship Game, 1967|Ice Bowl]] of [[1967 NFL season|1967]] and a wild-card game in December [[1994 NFL season|1994]]. Although the Packers have won only three of their last seven playoff games at Lambeau Field, their overall home post-season record is an impressive 14–4. The stadium has hosted five championship contests: three NFL title games in [[NFL Championship Game, 1961|1961]], [[NFL Championship Game, 1965|1965]] and 1967 (the "Ice Bowl"); two NFC championships after the 1996 and 2007 seasons.
   
 
==Traditions==
 
==Traditions==
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Originally, music at Lambeau Field was provided by the Packers' [[Lumberjack Band]]. The live band has been replaced by recorded music.
 
Originally, music at Lambeau Field was provided by the Packers' [[Lumberjack Band]]. The live band has been replaced by recorded music.
   
The Packers intro music for when they are introduced before each game is "[[Get Ready for This]]" by [[2 Unlimited]]. [[Public address|PA announcer]] Bill Jartz (also the main [[news anchor]] for [[WBAY-TV]] (Channel 2)), accompanies this by saying, "Ladies and gentlemen, here are your 13-time World Champion Green Bay Packers."
+
The Packers intro music for when they are introduced before each game is "Get Ready for This" by 2 Unlimited. PA announcer Bill Jartz (also the main news anchor for WBAY-TV (Channel 2)), accompanies this by saying, "Ladies and gentlemen, here are your 13-time World Champion Green Bay Packers."
   
Whenever the Packers score a touchdown, the [[Todd Rundgren]] hit "[[Bang the Drum All Day]]" is played. This tradition began in 1985 and is now used by other teams around the NFL.
+
Whenever the Packers score a touchdown, the Todd Rundgren hit "Bang the Drum All Day" is played. This tradition began in 1985 and is now used by other teams around the NFL.
   
"[[Go! You Packers! Go!]]", the team's [[fight song]], is played at Lambeau Field immediately following the Packers' player introductions and after each extra point scored by the Packers.
+
"Go! You Packers! Go!", the team's fight song, is played at Lambeau Field immediately following the Packers' player introductions and after each extra point scored by the Packers.
   
 
The "Go Pack Go" jingle is usually played when the team is on defense or during the start of a drive on offense. A song built around this jingle is "Go Pack Go!" by The 6 Packers.
 
The "Go Pack Go" jingle is usually played when the team is on defense or during the start of a drive on offense. A song built around this jingle is "Go Pack Go!" by The 6 Packers.
   
The [[House of Pain]] hit "[[Jump Around]]" is often played during one time-out at Lambeau, resulting in widespread jumping around by the crowd. This tradition began due to the popularity of the same song/crowd-participation tradition at [[Wisconsin Badgers football|University of Wisconsin]] football games.
+
The House of Pain hit "Jump Around" is often played during one time-out at Lambeau, resulting in widespread jumping around by the crowd. This tradition began due to the popularity of the same song/crowd-participation tradition at [[Wisconsin Badgers|University of Wisconsin]] football games.
 
<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Frozentundrahockeyclassic.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Promotional rendering showing reconfiguration of Lambeau Field into outdoor college hockey venue.]] -->
 
<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Frozentundrahockeyclassic.jpg|thumb|250px|right|Promotional rendering showing reconfiguration of Lambeau Field into outdoor college hockey venue.]] -->
   
The [[polka]] standard "[[Beer Barrel Polka]]" (also known as "Roll Out The Barrel") is also played at Lambeau Field, usually in the fourth quarter of games. "[[I Gotta Feeling]]" by [[the Black Eyed Peas]] is played when the Packers win a game.
+
The polka standard "Beer Barrel Polka" (also known as "Roll Out The Barrel") is also played at Lambeau Field, usually in the fourth quarter of games. "I Gotta Feeling" by the Black Eyed Peas is played when the Packers win a game.
   
 
===Packers shareholders meeting===
 
===Packers shareholders meeting===
With the 1997–98 sale of stock in the [[Green Bay Packers#Public company|Packers corporation]], swelling the number of owners to over 112,000, a large venue was needed for the annual shareholders meeting. The event returned to Lambeau Field in 2006 after several thousand people were turned away from the 2005 meeting at the nearby [[Resch Center]].
+
With the 1997–98 sale of stock in the [[Green Bay Packers#Public company|Packers corporation]], swelling the number of owners to over 112,000, a large venue was needed for the annual shareholders meeting. The event returned to Lambeau Field in 2006 after several thousand people were turned away from the 2005 meeting at the nearby Resch Center.
   
 
===High school and college football===
 
===High school and college football===
When built, Lambeau Field was also slated to be used by Green Bay's public high schools, as old City Stadium had been. However, a key [[1962 NFL season|1962]] game between the [[1962 Green Bay Packers season|Packers]] and [[1962 Detroit Lions season|Detroit Lions]] was affected when two high schools played in the rain the preceding Friday, damaging the field. After that, Lombardi asked the schools to avoid using Lambeau, however both Southwest High and West High played there until a high school stadium was built in the late 1970s. In 1970, Green Bay's Premontre High School (the alma mater of Lombardi's son, Vince Jr., which has since been merged into [[Notre Dame Academy (Green Bay, Wisconsin)|Notre Dame Academy]]) hosted (and won) the state private school football championship.{{Citation needed|date=January 2012}} In 1982 and 1983, [[St. Norbert College]] hosted [[Fordham University]] (Lombardi's [[alma mater]]) in benefit games to fight cancer.
+
When built, Lambeau Field was also slated to be used by Green Bay's public high schools, as old City Stadium had been. However, a key [[1962 NFL season|1962]] game between the [[1962 Green Bay Packers|Packers]] and [[1962 Detroit Lions|Detroit Lions]] was affected when two high schools played in the rain the preceding Friday, damaging the field. After that, Lombardi asked the schools to avoid using Lambeau, however both Southwest High and West High played there until a high school stadium was built in the late 1970s. In 1970, Green Bay's Premontre High School (the alma mater of Lombardi's son, Vince Jr., which has since been merged into Notre Dame Academy) hosted (and won) the state private school football championship. In 1982 and 1983, St. Norbert College hosted Fordham University (Lombardi's alma mater) in benefit games to fight cancer.
   
 
Shortly after the 2006 Wisconsin–Ohio State hockey game (see below), newspaper reports said the Wisconsin football team might be interested in moving a non-conference road game to Lambeau Field.
 
Shortly after the 2006 Wisconsin–Ohio State hockey game (see below), newspaper reports said the Wisconsin football team might be interested in moving a non-conference road game to Lambeau Field.
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===Hockey===
 
===Hockey===
 
[[File:Lambeau Field (Wisconsin Badgers vs Ohio State Buckeyes, February 2006).jpg|thumb|250px|right|Lambeau Field hosting its first hockey game.]]
 
[[File:Lambeau Field (Wisconsin Badgers vs Ohio State Buckeyes, February 2006).jpg|thumb|250px|right|Lambeau Field hosting its first hockey game.]]
Following the success of the "[[Cold War (ice hockey)|Cold War]]" collegiate hockey game held in 2001 at [[Michigan State University|Michigan State's]] [[Spartan Stadium (East Lansing)|Spartan Stadium]], [[ice hockey|hockey]] teams from [[Wisconsin Badgers|Wisconsin]] and [[Ohio State Buckeyes|Ohio State]] met in the [[Frozen Tundra Hockey Classic]], an outdoor game played on a temporary rink inside the stadium on February 11, 2006. The Badgers defeated the Buckeyes 4–2 before a capacity crowd of 40,890. There were some problems as the ice began to crack during play, but overall it was a success, ending with the Badgers doing the Lambeau Leap following their victory.
+
Following the success of the "Cold War" collegiate hockey game held in 2001 at Michigan State's [[Spartan Stadium (East Lansing)|Spartan Stadium]], hockey teams from Wisconsin and Ohio State met in the Frozen Tundra Hockey Classic, an outdoor game played on a temporary rink inside the stadium on February 11, 2006. The Badgers defeated the Buckeyes 4–2 before a capacity crowd of 40,890. There were some problems as the ice began to crack during play, but overall it was a success, ending with the Badgers doing the Lambeau Leap following their victory.
   
 
===Snowmobile racing===
 
===Snowmobile racing===
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===Concerts===
 
===Concerts===
Since the renovation, only one concert has been performed at Lambeau. The last concert to be held at the stadium, prior to the renovation, was [[Survivor (band)|Survivor]], in 1985 to a crowd of 13,000. [[Kenny Chesney]] and [[Zac Brown Band]] performed in Green Bay on June 11, 2011, on their Goin' Coastal Tour. The main reasons for the lack of concerts at Lambeau Field revolve around concerns of the team relating to potential damage of the playing surface and also the more desirable venues in [[Wisconsin]], notably [[Miller Park (Milwaukee)|Miller Park]] and the Bradley Center in Milwaukee and [[Camp Randall Stadium]] in [[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]]. The market's size also makes playing indoor venues like the nearby [[Resch Center]] and [[Brown County Veterans Memorial Arena|Brown County Arena]] more feasible for concert promoters to play locally.
+
Since the renovation, only one concert has been performed at Lambeau. The last concert to be held at the stadium, prior to the renovation, was Survivor, in 1985 to a crowd of 13,000. Kenny Chesney and Zac Brown Band performed in Green Bay on June 11, 2011, on their Goin' Coastal Tour. The main reasons for the lack of concerts at Lambeau Field revolve around concerns of the team relating to potential damage of the playing surface and also the more desirable venues in Wisconsin, notably Miller Park and the Bradley Center in Milwaukee and [[Camp Randall Stadium]] in Madison. The market's size also makes playing indoor venues like the nearby Resch Center and Brown County Arena more feasible for concert promoters to play locally.
   
 
===Fireworks===
 
===Fireworks===
For many years, Lambeau hosted a popular annual [[Fourth of July]] [[fireworks]] display, sponsored by locally based retailer [[Shopko|Shopko Stores, Inc.]]
+
For many years, Lambeau hosted a popular annual Fourth of July fireworks display, sponsored by locally based retailer Shopko Stores, Inc.
   
 
==Seating capacity==
 
==Seating capacity==
Line 204: Line 204:
 
* [http://www.audiobookscorner.com/Title.aspx?titleId=10459&srch=vince+lombardi ''When Pride Still Mattered, A Life of Vince Lombardi],'' by David Maraniss, 1999, (ISBN 0-684-84418-4)
 
* [http://www.audiobookscorner.com/Title.aspx?titleId=10459&srch=vince+lombardi ''When Pride Still Mattered, A Life of Vince Lombardi],'' by David Maraniss, 1999, (ISBN 0-684-84418-4)
 
* [http://uscsports.cstv.com/trads/scar-hof.html South Carolina Hall Of Fame: Robert Brooks]
 
* [http://uscsports.cstv.com/trads/scar-hof.html South Carolina Hall Of Fame: Robert Brooks]
* Davis, Jeff (2008), ''Rozelle: Czar of the NFL''. New York:McGraw-Hill. [[Special:BookSources/007159352-7|0-07-159352-7]]
+
* Davis, Jeff (2008), ''Rozelle: Czar of the NFL''. New York:McGraw-Hill. Special:BookSources/007159352-7|0-07-159352-7
* Gruver, Edward (1998). ''The Ice Bowl:The Cold Truth About Football's Most Unforgettable Game''. Ithaca, New York:McBooks Press, Inc. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/1590130804|1-59013-080-4]]
+
* Gruver, Edward (1998). ''The Ice Bowl:The Cold Truth About Football's Most Unforgettable Game''. Ithaca, New York:McBooks Press, Inc. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/1590130804|1-59013-080-4]]
* O'Brien, Michael (1987), ''Vince: A Personal Biography of Vince Lombardi''. New York:William Morrow and Company, Inc. [[International Standard Book Number|ISBN]] [[Special:BookSources/0688074066|0-688-07406-6]]
+
* O'Brien, Michael (1987), ''Vince: A Personal Biography of Vince Lombardi''. New York:William Morrow and Company, Inc. ISBN Special:BookSources/0688074066|0-688-07406-6
   
 
==External links==
 
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
 
 
* [http://www.lambeaufield.com/ LambeauField.com] - official website
 
* [http://www.lambeaufield.com/ LambeauField.com] - official website
 
* [http://greenbaypressgazette.packersnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/PKR01/70904201/-1/theme&theme=PKRLAMBEAUMEMORIES,EXCLUDE&template=theme Green Bay Press Gazette] - Lambeau memories at 50 - 2007
 
* [http://greenbaypressgazette.packersnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/99999999/PKR01/70904201/-1/theme&theme=PKRLAMBEAUMEMORIES,EXCLUDE&template=theme Green Bay Press Gazette] - Lambeau memories at 50 - 2007

Revision as of 13:44, 2 April 2013

Lambeau Field
The Frozen Tundra , Titletown USA , The Shrine of Pro Football
Lambeau Field
Location 1265 Lombardi Avenue, Green Bay, Wisconsin 54
Broke ground October 11, 1956[1]
Opened September 29, 1957
Renovated 2003, 2012
Owner City of Green Bay and Green Bay/Brown County Professional Football Stadium District
Operator Green Bay Packers
Surface Kentucky bluegrass reinforced with DD GrassMaster
Construction cost $960,000
($4.58 million in 2013 dollars)

$295 million (2003 Renovation)
($368 million in 2013 dollars)
Architect Somerville Associates
Ellerbe Becket (2003 renovation)
General Contractor Geo. M. Hougard & Sons[2]
Former names City Stadium (1957–64)
Tenants Green Bay Packers (NFL) (1957–present)
Capacity 79,594 [3]

Lambeau Field is the home stadium of the NFL's Green Bay Packers, located in Green Bay, Wisconsin. The stadium opened in 1957 as City Stadium, replacing the original City Stadium as the Packers' home field. For that reason, it was also informally known as New City Stadium until 1965, when it was renamed in memory of Packers founder, player, and long-time head coach, Curly Lambeau, who had died earlier in the year.

The stadium's street address has been 1265 Lombardi Avenue since 1968, when Highland Avenue was renamed in honor of Vince Lombardi. It sits on a block bounded by Lombardi Avenue (north); Oneida Street (east); Stadium Drive and Valley View Road (south); and Ridge Road (west). The playing field at the stadium sits at an elevation of 640 feet (195 m) above sea level.[4]

With a capacity of 79,594, Lambeau is the second largest stadium in the state of Wisconsin behind Camp Randall Stadium on the campus of the University of Wisconsin–Madison (80,321).

History

Packers seek a modern facility

Starting in 1925, the Packers played at 25,000 seat City Stadium, located behind East High School. However, by the 1950s, it was considered inadequate for the times. Officials in Milwaukee, 120 miles to the south, where the Packers had played part of their schedule since 1933, knew that City Stadium was less than ideal as an NFL venue. They built Milwaukee County Stadium in 1953 in hopes of luring the Packers there full-time. Soon after County Stadium opened, the other NFL owners threatened to force the Packers to move to Milwaukee unless they built a new stadium. In 1956, Green Bay voters responded by approving (70.3%) a bond issue to finance the new stadium. The original cost in 1957 was $960,000 (paid off in 1978) and its seating capacity was 32,500.

The new stadium would be the first modern stadium built specifically for an NFL franchise. At that time, all the other NFL teams were playing either in facilities shared with Major League Baseball teams, or in other pre-existing shared facilities.

The site, now bordered on three sides by the village of Ashwaubenon, was selected because it had a natural slope, ideal for creating the bowl shape. The nearby outdoor practice fields (Clarke Hinkle Field and Ray Nitschke Field) and Don Hutson Center are in Ashwaubenon, as was the Packers Hall of Fame until 2003.

The new City Stadium was officially opened on September 29, 1957, as the Packers beat the Bears 21–17. In a ceremony before the game, the stadium was dedicated by Vice President Richard Nixon.

Although they now had a modern facility in Green Bay, the Packers continued to play two or three regular-season games in Milwaukee. Starting in 1995, expansions to Lambeau Field (see below) made it financially realistic for the Packers to play their entire regular season in Green Bay for the first time in over 60 years. Former Milwaukee ticket holders receive tickets to a preseason game and games 2 and 5 of the regular season home schedule, in what is referred to as the "Gold package". Green Bay season ticket holders receive tickets to the remaining home games as part of their "Green package".

Expansion, 1961–95

Demand for tickets at the new stadium easily outstripped supply, not coincidentally after the arrival of coach Vince Lombardi in 1959. In 1961, four years after it opened, the stadium's capacity was increased to 38,669.

Since then, the Packers have been regularly increasing the seating capacity. The bowl was increased to 42,327 in 1963, to about 50,860 in 1966[5][6] and to 56,263 in 1970, when the stadium was fully enclosed for the first time as the various stands were joined into one continuous oval around the field.

Construction of 72 private boxes in 1985 increased the seating capacity to 56,926, and a 1990 addition of 36 additional boxes and 1,920 theatre-style club seats brought the number to 59,543. In 1995, a $4.7-million project put 90 more private boxes in the previously open north end zone, again giving the stadium the feel of a complete bowl and increasing capacity to 60,890.

2003 renovation

Lambeau-field

By the end of the 1990s, the Packers believed that they needed to update the facility to remain financially competitive in the NFL. Rather than build a new stadium, Chairman/CEO Bob Harlan and President/COO John Jones unveiled a $295 million plan to renovate Lambeau Field in January 2000. It was to be paid for partly by the team via the 1997-98 stock sale, which netted more than $20 million. Most of the proceeds were to be paid through a 0.5% sales tax in Brown County and personal seat license fees on season ticket holders. After their plan won approval by the Wisconsin State Legislature, it was ratified by Brown County voters on September 12, 2000 by a 53%-47% margin. Construction began early in 2001.

LambeaufieldGreenbay

The renovated Lambeau Field on game day.

Statues at Lambeau Field

Statues of Curly Lambeau and Vince Lombardi at Lambeau Field.

View of Lambeau Field

View of Lambeau Field from the South endzone.

The massive redevelopment plan was designed to update the facilities, add more premium and suite seating, yet preserve the seating bowl, keeping the storied natural grass playing field of the "frozen tundra". The project was completed in time for the 2003 season, bringing the capacity to 72,515.[7] Construction management was conducted by Turner Construction Sports, and proved to be of remarkably little disruption to the 2001 and 2002 seasons.

In 2007, the Packers completed their 51st season at Lambeau, breaking the all-time NFL record set by the Chicago Bears at Wrigley Field (1921–70). (While Soldier Field in Chicago has been the site of a football stadium longer, it was not the home of the Bears until 1971.) Only the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park and the Chicago Cubs at Wrigley have longer active home-field tenures in American professional sports.

Template:Wide image

Although the capacity has more than doubled since Lambeau Field was opened, demand for tickets remains high. The Packers have sold out every game since 1960, and more than 81,000 names remain on the waiting list (with a reported average wait time of 30 years).[8] The sell-out streak has had the effect (intended or not) of ensuring that all Packers home games are televised in Green Bay and Milwaukee, a streak that started in 1973 (prior to that time, local telecasts of home games were disallowed regardless of how many tickets were sold).

During the 2007 season, Lambeau Field was voted the number one NFL stadium in game-day atmosphere and fan experience by a Sports Illustrated online poll.[9]

In 2009, The Sports Turf Managers Association named Lambeau Field the 2009 Field of the Year.[10]

Through the 2011 season, the Packers have compiled a 197-107-4 regular season mark at Lambeau Field.

As of the 2012 season, there are three other NFL teams that have never won a game at Lambeau during its existence, which are the Arizona Cardinals (0-7), the Baltimore Ravens (0-3), and the Denver Broncos (0-4). On the other hand, the Kansas City Chiefs (3-0) and Houston Texans (1-0) remain unbeaten at Lambeau.

South endzone expansion

In 2010, plans were announced by the Green Bay Packers to install new high definition scoreboards in place of their current scoreboards; plans for a new sound system were announced as well.[11] Later the plans were expanded to include adding as many as 7,500 seats both inside and outside as well as viewing platforms and lounge areas. On May 5, 2011 the Packers sent out an online survey to 30,000 season-ticket holders, club-seat holders and individuals on the season-ticket waiting list to get feedback from the fans on several concepts being considered for the south end-zone development. On August 25, 2011 plans were officially announced to add 6,500 new seats to the south end zone. The seats will be made up of heated bleacher areas that will melt snow as it falls (a concept tested on a small scale during winter 2010). This concept will solve the logistical problem of shoveling snow from an "upper deck" seating area. (Currently, the snow that falls is shoveled by compensated volunteers from the community. The snow is placed on temporary chutes placed in the aisles and runs down the chutes into carts on the field. The carts are then taken out of the stadium.)

The new sound system was completed in time for the 2011-2012 NFL season. On August 25, 2011 Packers president Mark Murphy announced that the expansion of Lambeau would not be paid by taxpayers but by the team itself. After construction for the 2013 season, Lambeau will be the 4th largest stadium in the NFL, with 79,594 seats. Additional construction included two new tower gates for the north and south end zone. The new seats will be outdoors with the exception of one indoor row. There will also be a rooftop viewing terrace in the north end zone for club seat holders during day games. Lambeau Field will also be installing Mitsubishi Diamond Vision Video Boards (also paid for entirely by the Packers). The rooftop viewing terrace and video boards were completed in time for the 2012 season. [12][13]

On December 13, 2012, Lambeau Field was damaged by a fire when construction workers were cutting a metal beam, and the sparks from the cutting ignited. The damage cost $5,000 in repairs.[14]

Atrium renovation

In 2013, the Packers announced a new $140.5 million dollar renovation project for the Lambeau Atrium entrance, that will be entirely paid by the Packers without public funding. The project will begin in March of 2013 and is expected to be completed in June 2015.

The Packers plan to remove ground between Bob Harlan Plaza and Lombardi Avenue, which will now be the basement of the atrium. They will move the Pro Shop to the new ground level. The Packers Hall of Fame will move to the second floor of the atrium where Curly's Pub is currently located. Curly's will move to the main floor where the Pro Shop is currently held. This renovation project is referred to as "Phase II", with the first phase considered as the 7,000 seats that were installed previously. Curly's will be accessible from Harlan Plaza and the hall of fame will have more room for exhibits. The new setup will be easier for fans to get to Curly's as it was difficult for fans in the past.

Phase II will also include the following:

  • The Oneida Nation gate will get an expanded plaza extending into the east parking lot. A tunnel under the plaza will lead to a player parking area immediately east of the plaza. Permanent rest rooms will be under the plaza.
  • A new entrance will be added at parking lot level on the east side, with an escalator providing access to the main floor of the atrium.
  • Harlan Plaza in front of the Miller Gate facing Lombardi Avenue will remain, but its front will line up with the north face of the atrium tower where the Pro Shop is situated. The Curly Lambeau and Vince Lombardi statues will remain in the plaza, though they will have to be repositioned.
  • New player facilities in the lower level of the stadium, including strength and conditioning rooms and a 35-by-50-yard practice walk-through area.

Curly's Pub and the Packers Hall of Fame will be closed temporarily during some part of the project, probably in 2014, but the Pro Shop will remain open.

The renovation project is expected to create 1,500 jobs more than $60 million in wages. Team president and CEO Mark Murphy said 95 percent of spending on the project will be done in Wisconsin and 69 percent in northeastern Wisconsin. [15]

Name and nickname

New City Stadium

The original name of Lambeau Field lasted through the 1964 season. Officially "City Stadium", the name "New City Stadium" was used informally to distinguish the stadium from its predecessor, which had become the home of the Green Bay East High School football team.

Lambeau Field

2009-0620-WI010-GB-Lambeau

A statue of Curly Lambeau stands near the main entrance

Following the death of Packers founder Curly Lambeau, New City Stadium was renamed "Lambeau Field" by the Green Bay city council in 1965.[16]

Besides founding the team in 1919, Lambeau played for the Packers in their early years and was the team's coach for 31 seasons through 1949. He shares the distinction with rival George Halas of the Chicago Bears of coaching his team to the most NFL championships, with six. Lambeau was inducted as a charter member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame in Canton, Ohio in 1963.

Corporate naming rights

On November 7, 2000, two months after Brown County voters approved a sales tax to fund Lambeau Field's renovation, a second referendum was presented to the same Brown County voters. This referendum asked whether naming rights to the renovated stadium should be sold in order to retire earlier the 0.5% sales tax created to cover construction costs. The referendum passed 53% to 47%, the exact percentage by which voters approved the sales tax.[17][18]

After the vote passed, the Packers entered talks with the City of Green Bay, which owns the stadium, to further explore the options. The City and team agreed to sell the rights if a price of $100 million could be realized, although no buyer has been found.

The Packers, although agreeing to be bound by the will of the voters, have consistently stressed that they would prefer Lambeau Field keep its traditional name, honoring the club's founder.[18]

The Packers have sold naming rights to the five entrance gates. From the north going clockwise, they are: Miller Brewing (atrium gate), the Oneida Tribe of Indians of Wisconsin (east gate facing Oneida Street), Mills Fleet Farm stores (southwest gate), Associated Bank (west gate and private box entrance), and Verizon (northwest gate). The new north tower gate is sponsored by Bellin Health and the new south tower gate is sponsored by Shopko. Miller Brewing is also a sponsor of the atrium, and has a section in one end zone called the "Miller Lite End Zone", giving away tickets in that area with various beer promotions.

"The Frozen Tundra"

Lambeau Field bowl

An empty Lambeau Field.

The stadium's nickname was spawned by the Ice Bowl between the Packers and the Dallas Cowboys, played on December 31, 1967. The game was played in temperatures of –15°F (–26°C) with sharp winds. Journalist Tex Maule, associated Lambeau Field with the term tundra in his article summarizing the game in Sports Illustrated.[19]

Lambeau Field is alleged to have gotten its nickname, The Frozen Tundra, from The Greatest Challenge, the Packers' authorized version of the highlight film written by Steve Sabol.[20] In the Cowboys' authorized version of the highlight film, A Chilling Championship, also written by Sabol, Bill Woodson used the term the Frozen Tundra, when narrating the film to describe Lambeau Field.[20][21][22] Prior to the 1967 season, an underground electric heating system had been installed but it was not able to counter the effects of the cold front that hit Green Bay at the onset of the Ice Bowl. The field had been covered overnight with the heater on but when the cover was removed in the sub-zero cold the moisture atop the grass flash-froze.[23]

The underground heating and drainage system was redone in 1997, with a system of pipes filled with a solution including antifreeze replacing the electric coils. After the 2006 season, the surface, heating, and drainage system was replaced. The new grass surface has synthetic fibers woven into the sod.[24] Even the new video boards, installed in 2004, have been influenced by the field's nickname, being called "Tundra Vision". These video displays, installed by Daktronics out of Brookings, South Dakota, measure more than 25 feet (7.6 m) high by 46 feet (14 m) wide.[25] An artificial lighting system, based on technology used in Dutch rose-growing greenhouses, was tested in 2010 and purchased for use in the 2011 season. It operates 24 hours a day from October to early December to extend the growing season for the field's grass. The system is also used in some soccer stadiums where shade from stands and partial roofs are a problem for the turf, not the cold and short growing season found in Green Bay.[23]

Titletown, USA

More famously a nickname for the city than its football field, "Titletown, USA" became popularized in 1961, even before Vince Lombardi would see his team win any of his championships. At the 1961 NFL Championship Game against the New York Giants, which the Packers won 37-0, fans hung up signs around the stadium that read Welcome to Titletown, USA. Then-Giants quarterback Y.A. Tittle believed that the honor was for him, just that his name was misspelled. By the mid-60s, Titletown, USA was registered as a trademark of the Green Bay Packers, Inc. Lambeau Field has been home to seven NFL world championship seasons, five under Lombardi, one under Mike Holmgren and one under Mike McCarthy, surpassing the six world championship seasons witnessed by its predecessor, City Stadium, under Curly Lambeau.

Postseason

LambeauFieldAtriumInside

The Atrium inside Lambeau Field

Lambeau Field has frequently given a significant postseason home-field advantage for the Packers. Playoff games at Lambeau Field typically feature cold Wisconsin winters. The most famous example is the aforementioned Ice Bowl. More recently, in the 1997 NFL playoffs both the San Francisco 49ers in the divisional playoffs and the Carolina Panthers in the NFC Championship Game struggled to adapt to the muddy and the cold conditions respectively. The temperatures during the 2007 NFC Championship Game (in which the Packers lost in OT, 23-20, to the New York Giants) reached as low as -4°F (-20°C), with a wind chill of -24°F (-31°C). From its opening in 1957 until January 2003, when they fell 27–7 to the Atlanta Falcons, the Packers had never lost a postseason game at Lambeau Field. However, the Packers hosted just one postseason game (in the ad-hoc round-of-16 in the strike-shortened 1982 season) during a lean stretch of 27 years between the Ice Bowl of 1967 and a wild-card game in December 1994. Although the Packers have won only three of their last seven playoff games at Lambeau Field, their overall home post-season record is an impressive 14–4. The stadium has hosted five championship contests: three NFL title games in 1961, 1965 and 1967 (the "Ice Bowl"); two NFC championships after the 1996 and 2007 seasons.

Traditions

The "Lambeau Leap"

LambeauFieldAtriumOutside

Sign for the Atrium outside Lambeau Field

Many Packer players jump into the end zone stands in a celebration affectionately known as the "Lambeau Leap". The Lambeau Leap was invented by safety LeRoy Butler, who scored after a Reggie White fumble recovery and lateral against the L.A. Raiders in December 1993. It was later popularized by wide receiver Robert Brooks.[26][27]

Occasionally, a visiting player will attempt a Lambeau Leap, only to be denied by Packers fans. This happened to then-Minnesota Vikings cornerback Fred Smoot when he intercepted a pass and returned it for a touchdown;[28] Packers fans proceeded to throw their beverages on Smoot. During the 2007 NFC Championship game, New York Giants running back Brandon Jacobs faked a Lambeau Leap after scoring a touchdown, angering many Green Bay faithful in the stands.[29] Before a game against the Packers on September 20, 2009, Cincinnati Bengals wideout Chad Ochocinco announced he would do a Lambeau Leap if he scored a touchdown, and then followed through by leaping into the arms of pre-arranged fans wearing Bengals jerseys.[30][31]

Stadium music

LambeauFieldWelcome2007

Welcome sign

Originally, music at Lambeau Field was provided by the Packers' Lumberjack Band. The live band has been replaced by recorded music.

The Packers intro music for when they are introduced before each game is "Get Ready for This" by 2 Unlimited. PA announcer Bill Jartz (also the main news anchor for WBAY-TV (Channel 2)), accompanies this by saying, "Ladies and gentlemen, here are your 13-time World Champion Green Bay Packers."

Whenever the Packers score a touchdown, the Todd Rundgren hit "Bang the Drum All Day" is played. This tradition began in 1985 and is now used by other teams around the NFL.

"Go! You Packers! Go!", the team's fight song, is played at Lambeau Field immediately following the Packers' player introductions and after each extra point scored by the Packers.

The "Go Pack Go" jingle is usually played when the team is on defense or during the start of a drive on offense. A song built around this jingle is "Go Pack Go!" by The 6 Packers.

The House of Pain hit "Jump Around" is often played during one time-out at Lambeau, resulting in widespread jumping around by the crowd. This tradition began due to the popularity of the same song/crowd-participation tradition at University of Wisconsin football games.

The polka standard "Beer Barrel Polka" (also known as "Roll Out The Barrel") is also played at Lambeau Field, usually in the fourth quarter of games. "I Gotta Feeling" by the Black Eyed Peas is played when the Packers win a game.

Packers shareholders meeting

With the 1997–98 sale of stock in the Packers corporation, swelling the number of owners to over 112,000, a large venue was needed for the annual shareholders meeting. The event returned to Lambeau Field in 2006 after several thousand people were turned away from the 2005 meeting at the nearby Resch Center.

High school and college football

When built, Lambeau Field was also slated to be used by Green Bay's public high schools, as old City Stadium had been. However, a key 1962 game between the Packers and Detroit Lions was affected when two high schools played in the rain the preceding Friday, damaging the field. After that, Lombardi asked the schools to avoid using Lambeau, however both Southwest High and West High played there until a high school stadium was built in the late 1970s. In 1970, Green Bay's Premontre High School (the alma mater of Lombardi's son, Vince Jr., which has since been merged into Notre Dame Academy) hosted (and won) the state private school football championship. In 1982 and 1983, St. Norbert College hosted Fordham University (Lombardi's alma mater) in benefit games to fight cancer.

Shortly after the 2006 Wisconsin–Ohio State hockey game (see below), newspaper reports said the Wisconsin football team might be interested in moving a non-conference road game to Lambeau Field.

Hockey

Lambeau Field (Wisconsin Badgers vs Ohio State Buckeyes, February 2006)

Lambeau Field hosting its first hockey game.

Following the success of the "Cold War" collegiate hockey game held in 2001 at Michigan State's Spartan Stadium, hockey teams from Wisconsin and Ohio State met in the Frozen Tundra Hockey Classic, an outdoor game played on a temporary rink inside the stadium on February 11, 2006. The Badgers defeated the Buckeyes 4–2 before a capacity crowd of 40,890. There were some problems as the ice began to crack during play, but overall it was a success, ending with the Badgers doing the Lambeau Leap following their victory.

Snowmobile racing

In 2004 a snowmobile racing event was held in the parking lot due to a lack of snow. In 2005 the snowmobile racing event took place over the turf, with the right amount of snow cover.

Concerts

Since the renovation, only one concert has been performed at Lambeau. The last concert to be held at the stadium, prior to the renovation, was Survivor, in 1985 to a crowd of 13,000. Kenny Chesney and Zac Brown Band performed in Green Bay on June 11, 2011, on their Goin' Coastal Tour. The main reasons for the lack of concerts at Lambeau Field revolve around concerns of the team relating to potential damage of the playing surface and also the more desirable venues in Wisconsin, notably Miller Park and the Bradley Center in Milwaukee and Camp Randall Stadium in Madison. The market's size also makes playing indoor venues like the nearby Resch Center and Brown County Arena more feasible for concert promoters to play locally.

Fireworks

For many years, Lambeau hosted a popular annual Fourth of July fireworks display, sponsored by locally based retailer Shopko Stores, Inc.

Seating capacity

  • 32,500 (1957–1960)
  • 38,669 (1961–1962)
  • 42,327 (1963–1964)
  • 50,852 (1965–1969)
  • 56,263 (1970–1984)
  • 56,926 (1985–1989)
  • 59,543 (1990–1994)
  • 60,890 (1995–2001)
  • 65,290/66,110 (2002)
  • 72,515 (2003)
  • 72,569 (2004)
  • 72,601 (2005)
  • 72,922 (2006)
  • 72,928 (2007–2010)
  • 73,128 (2011)
  • 73,094 (2012)
  • 79,594 (2013–present)

See also

  • Stormy Kromer cap

References

  1. "Green Bay Bowl Digging Started", October 11, 1956. Retrieved on September 23, 2011. 
  2. Green Bay Packers news | Lambeau Field timeline
  3. From Lambeau Field website: http://www.lambeaufield.com/stadium_info/history/
  4. Topographic map from USGS via Microsoft Research Maps
  5. O'Brien, 1987 pg. 213
  6. Gruver, 1998 pg. 13
  7. Expansions Lambeau Field
  8. Packers.com Fan Zone FAQ
  9. "SI.com - NFL Fan Value Experience - Nov 7, 2007", CNN, November 7, 2007. Retrieved on May 7, 2010. 
  10. Lambeau Named 2009 'Field Of The Year' Green Bay Packers
  11. "Packers unveil plans for new scoreboards", December 7, 2010. 
  12. Survey seeks input on south end zone Green Bay Packers
  13. Packers look to expand Lambeau, want to begin work in 2012 NFL.com
  14. Lambeau Field fire causes $5,000 in damage. Profootballtalk.com (2012-12-13). Retrieved on 2012-12-16.
  15. Packers plan to renovate the Lambeau Atrium USA Today
  16. Maraniss, 1999 pg. 388
  17. Milwaukee Journal Sentinel: "Packers, Green Bay to discuss Lambeau naming rights" June 19, 2003.
  18. 18.0 18.1 "Packers to start shopping Lambeau name around", November 8, 2000. 
  19. "The Old Pro", CNN. Retrieved on April 4, 2011. 
  20. 20.0 20.1 Davis, 2008, p. 159.
  21. Woodson Was First With 'Frozen Tundra'. Retrieved on April 4, 2011.
  22. The Battle for Wisconsin. Retrieved on April 4, 2011.
  23. 23.0 23.1 Branch, John. "Tenderizing the Tundra With Some Light and Heat", January 13, 2012. 
  24. Lambeau Field updates include a new surface (December 7, 2006).
  25. Lambeau Field, Stadium Facts.
  26. University of South Carolina Official Athletic Site - Traditions
  27. Lambeau Field Timeline Green Bay Packers news
  28. YouTube - Fred Smoot's Lambeau Leap!!!
  29. ESPN - Manning, Giants head to Super Bowl for rematch with Pats - NFL Football Recap
  30. ESPN – Ochocinco finds end zone in Green Bay ESPN
  31. ESPN - Ochocinco had it planned out

Sources

External links

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